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Фибоначчи в криптовалюте: Полный гайд по применению уровней для BTC и альткоинов

Максим Анисимов — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 13:15:04 +0000

Fibonacci in Cryptocurrency: A Complete guide to applying levels for BTC and altcoins Максим Анисимов Fri, 03/06/2026 - 22:55

Contents

The Fibonacci system helps identify optimal entry points in a trend, eliminating the dilemma of buying at the peak or waiting for a pullback. The tool shows 3 main retracement levels where the price is highly likely to reverse, allowing you to enter at a favorable price and plan your exit.

The most confusing part of Fibonacci analysis is the subjectivity in choosing swing points.

We will offer a mechanical method that eliminates guesswork and makes level construction objective. You will also learn how to avoid trading traps.

Let's briefly review what the Fibonacci sequence is and why it works.

What is Fibonacci?

Fibonacci is a universal mathematical sequence of numbers (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, etc.), where each subsequent number is the sum of the 2 preceding ones. The system is familiar to many as a spiraling pattern, and you can find it everywhere in nature – from the structure of seashells to the spirals of galaxies.

Leonardo Fibonacci discovered this pattern, and it works not because of "magic," but due to the combination of natural rhythms (impulse and correction waves) and the collective attention of traders, which turns mathematical levels into real physical barriers for price.

How Does Fibonacci Work in Crypto Trading?

In chart analysis, what matters are not the numbers themselves, but the ratios – the proportions obtained by dividing them. The most significant is 0.618, known as the Golden Ratio. – A zone for price reversal.

In addition to the 61.8% level itself, traders highlight 2 areas:

Golden Zone – the area between 0.5 and 0.618. It is considered the zone of highest probability for price reversal after a correction.
Golden Pocket – most often defined as a narrow range between 0.618 and 0.65. In this area, the greatest number of trading orders are concentrated, as millions of traders and algorithms watch these levels simultaneously.

Fibonacci tools (retracement and extension grids) solve 2 problems:

Finding entry points (retracement). When an asset's price makes a sharp move (impulse), it rarely moves in a straight line. Usually a pullback follows. Fibonacci levels predict where this pullback will end, and the price will resume the trend.
Determining targets (extension). Fibonacci helps calculate the levels to which the price may rise in the future, allowing timely profit-taking.

Why Do Fibonacci Levels Work?

Fibonacci numbers work on the principle of a self-fulfilling prophecy. It's not magic. It's mathematics.

Since the global practice of trading education highlights the levels 0.5 and 0.618 as key, a huge number of traders simultaneously place orders and stop-losses exactly at these points.

Fibonacci is a magnet for liquidity!

These points act as a magnet for liquidity. Therefore, large players use these zones to accumulate positions or create traps for retail traders. Whales know that there is a maximum concentration of trading orders. Add to this trading bots that also focus on these levels.

Joint buying or selling actions create real pressure on the market, causing the price to bounce or reverse exactly where Fibonacci predicted.

There are 3 methods in Fibonacci:

Fibonacci retracements – determine the zones where a pullback ends (levels 38.2%, 50%, 61.8%) for entering the trend – acting as support/resistance.
Fibonacci extensions – forecast Take Profit targets after a pullback, beyond the extremes.
and Fibonacci projections – measure the length of a new impulse wave (using 3 points) as 100% + of the previous one.

Retracements carry the main idea: after a strong impulse move, the price returns by a certain percentage before resuming the trend.

So let's understand what Fibonacci retracements are.

What is Fibonacci Retracement?

Price moves in a zigzag: impulses in the direction of the trend are followed by pullbacks. The best moment to enter a trade is when the pullback ends and a new impulse is about to begin.

The Fibonacci grid, drawn from the start to the end of a trend move, shows 3 key price levels where a pullback typically occurs.

Upon reaching these pullback levels, the price is highly likely to reverse and continue the trend. These levels are Fibonacci retracements.

Let's look at the meaning of each level, paying special attention to deep and shallow pullbacks.

How to Read Fibonacci Pullback Levels?

When the price pulls back to the 38.2% level, it indicates a strong trend, as each pullback is seen by traders as an opportunity to enter. But such trends are rare, and trading off it is not recommended. The price more often pulls back to the golden zone (50%–61.8%), which indicates the maturity of the trend.

However, the 50% and 61.8% levels by themselves don't say much, and moreover, they carry traps for traders. It all comes down to a structural understanding of the market.

The basis of analysis is the 3 market states and its structure. Without structure, Fibonacci settings are meaningless!
Structure is the foundation, and Fibonacci is just a measuring tool.

The market exists in only 3 states:

uptrend, impulse
downtrend, impulse
or range (sideways).

In a trend, there are impulses and corrections, while in a range, price moves between support and resistance. Therefore, Fibonacci does not work in a range: it requires a trending environment!

In a sideways market, the 50% and 61.8% levels become traps, the price takes out stops and returns back. That's why most traders lose money in a range.

But the sideways market isn't the only one creating traps.

Why Do Fibonacci Levels Create Traps for Traders?

Since millions of traders enter at these levels 0.5 and 0.618, Fibonacci automatically becomes a trap. The point is that the 61.8% and 50% levels are not reversal points, but liquidity zones. Retail traders are taught to buy or sell at these levels, while institutions use them to hunt small traders.

What's the essence? Price touches the 50% level, retail traders prematurely enter the market, then institutions push the price deeper to the 61.8% level. This final push takes out most stop-losses, and as soon as liquidity is gathered, the real move begins.

Familiar in volatile crypto, isn't it?

At the 61.8% and 50.0% levels, retail traders sell, while institutions buy their positions, then reverse the price upward.

That's why Fibonacci may seem inconsistent; it's not about the levels themselves, but what manipulators do around them.

Understanding that the 50% and 61.8% levels are liquidity magnets allows you to stop trading Fibonacci like a retail trader and start reading it the way institutions use it!

By itself, the 50-61.8% range is not an entry point, but a place where a trap is set. Based on this, add Fibonacci only in a trending market after a structure breakout.

How to Add Fibonacci to a Chart?

In trading platforms, Fibonacci is in the tools menu. Select Fibonacci Retracement. You'll be able to draw the levels on the chart.

Levels are drawn strictly along the impulse move (the strongest candle wave) within the current trend:

In an uptrend – the pullback is measured from the low point of the impulse (Swing Low) to the high point of the impulse (Swing High).
In a downtrend – the pullback is measured from the high point of the impulse (Swing High) to the low point of the impulse (Swing Low).

Important:

Fibonacci only works in a trend (uptrend or downtrend). Using it in a flat market is pointless, as there is no impulse move to measure.
Due to the high volatility of the crypto market, Fibonacci should be drawn from the wick tips, not the candle bodies, to account for real liquidity zones.

If you want to make the grid more professional, you need to make a number of settings:

To clear the chart of noise, disable background fill and price labels for levels below 0.236, and convert values from decimals to percentages.
To increase entry accuracy, add specific levels to the grid: the golden pocket zone (0.65), deep discount levels (0.705, 0.71, 0.79), and the significant retracement level 0.33.
For profit-taking, expand the settings with negative values (-0.27, -0.618) and ratios above one (1.27, 1.618).

As mentioned earlier, many traders struggle with identifying swing points for constructing levels. Let's improve the data obtained from Fibonacci.

How to Improve Fibonacci Data?

To improve Fibonacci data, we use a simple indicator called Fractals. They help identify reversal points, marking them with arrows. There are 2 types of fractals: upper and lower.

An upper fractal forms when a candle's high is higher than the highs of the 2 preceding and 2 following candles, signaling a bearish reversal.
A lower fractal occurs when a candle's low is lower than the lows of the 2 preceding and 2 following candles, signaling a bullish reversal.

To add this indicator on TradingView, click the Indicators button, type Fractals, and select it.

By default, fractals mark all minor reversals, cluttering the chart. Change the period to 5 to highlight only strong points.

Then, in a trending market, draw Fibonacci on the impulse between fractals: in an uptrend – from the lower to the upper, in a downtrend – vice versa. The price often pulls back to the golden zone (0.618) and reverses.

Now that we've covered the basics, it's important to understand the Premium/Discount zones to avoid the risk of buying at the peak of a pullback and not becoming "liquidity" for large players.

Premium and Discount Zones – How to Know If the Price Is Favorable?

The concept of Premium and Discount is based on a simple rule: buy low, sell high. Using premium and discount zones helps avoid entering a trade too early and ensures a better risk-to-reward ratio (R:R).

The golden rule – always look for an entry in the discount zone (for longs) or premium zone (for shorts), preferably where Fibonacci levels form a cluster with other technical confirmations.

Discount Zone (below 0.5): in an uptrend, this is the area of cheap prices. You should look for long entry points only in this zone. Buying above 0.5 (in premium) is risky, as the market often makes a deep pullback to clear liquidity before continuing the rise.
Premium Zone (above 0.5) – in a downtrend, this is the area of expensive prices. You should only sell (short) here, when the price pulls back above the 0.5 level.
The 0.5 level on the Fibonacci grid divides any trading impulse in half and is called Equilibrium.

Completing the full understanding of Fibonacci are clusters. Clusters on the chart form when at least 3–5 Fibonacci levels (e.g., 0.382, 0.618, 0.786) from different grids, drawn on impulses of the main trend and local moves, converge in a narrow price zone up to 0.5–1% of the amplitude wide.

The coincidence of such levels with additional signals – support/resistance levels or EMAs (e.g., 50-period and 200-period) – increases the probability of a price reversal to 70–85% according to backtests on volatile crypto markets.

Professional traders only enter such A+ setups with a risk/reward ratio of at least 1:3, where the confluence of factors minimizes false breakouts. These are advanced Fibonacci strategies, not just a grid.

Advanced Fibonacci Strategies

Let's look at real crypto trading strategies using Fibonacci and its combinations with other indicators and confluence.

It's important not to rely solely on Fibonacci levels in trading, but to flexibly use different strategies depending on the market structure.

Reliable analysis works only on higher timeframes (4H, 1D), as lower intervals are filled with noise.

Strategy 1 – Confluence of Mirror Levels (Swap Zones)

Mirror levels are one of our favorite techniques to add confirmation to any strategy. Essentially, they are support and resistance levels that switch roles after a breakout. When price breaks a support level downward, it becomes resistance, and when it breaks a resistance level upward, it becomes support. A Swap Zone is when a broken support becomes resistance or vice versa.

Combining this concept with Fibonacci retracements can identify trading opportunities. For example, in an uptrend, after a resistance level is broken upward, it turns into support. If the golden zone of the Fibonacci retracement drawn on the impulse move coincides with this support level, we get double confirmation.

When price pulls back to this area, look for an entry point.

Similarly, in a downtrend, after a support level is broken downward, it becomes resistance. If the golden zone coincides with this resistance, expect a price reversal downward when approaching this confirmation area.

Often, price may make a brief spike (poke) above the 0.618 level to gather retail traders' stop-losses, and only then begin the real downward move. Therefore, the most reliable signal is considered to be the candle closing back below the level after such a spike.

Strategy 2 – Confluence with Moving Average

Moving averages can act as dynamic support and resistance levels. In an uptrend, a moving average can act as support, and in a downtrend, as resistance.

For this strategy, we use the 50-period exponential moving average (EMA). In an uptrend, where price trades above the EMA and the EMA itself is pointing upward, expect price to find support at the EMA. If the Fibonacci golden zone coincides with the 50 EMA, we get strong confirmation and look for a buying opportunity near this area.

In a downtrend, where price is below the EMA and the EMA is pointing downward, expect the moving average to act as resistance. If the golden zone coincides with the EMA, look for sell trades on a price pullback to this area.

The strategy is considered highly accurate (A+ setup) if the Fibonacci Golden Zone (0.5–0.618) coincides with the moving average line. At this point, resistance is amplified many times over.

Strategy 3 – Using RSI with Fibonacci

What matters are not standard divergences, but hidden ones. This is when price forms a higher low, while RSI forms a lower low. Such a situation signals a strong trend continuation, if you know how to spot them.

Now overlay the Fibonacci grid: if the pullback lands right in the 0.618 zone, and at the same time RSI shows a hidden divergence – this is a golden signal to enter.

The second factor is the coincidence of the 0.618 level with a previously identified support or resistance zone where price has reversed in the past.
The third filter level is the coincidence of the 0.618 mark with the previous day's high or low, which act as liquidity magnets for large players.

The combination of all 3 factors in one point creates a high-probability zone.

Strategy 4 – Imbalance (Fair Value Gap (FVG))

Imbalance or Fair Value Gap (FVG) is a market inefficiency that occurs during a sharp impulse move.

It is a 3-candle pattern where there is an empty gap between the low of the first candle and the high of the third candle.

The market dislikes inefficiency and tends to return to fill this gap.

The strongest signal occurs when a Fibonacci level (e.g., 71% or 61.8%) coincides with the imbalance zone. Entering at such a point often gives minimal drawdown, as price quickly reacts to filling the FVG and reverses in the trend direction.

The risk here is subjectivity in determining the range boundaries for the Fibonacci grid and the risk of no pullback to the target level in a strong trend.

When price reaches Fibonacci, fills the imbalance (FVG), shows a hidden divergence on RSI, and all this happens at the intersection of a Fibonacci time line – you get a window of maximum probability. But these are not the only strategies.

Strategy 5 – Confluence with Anchored VWAP

Anchored VWAP is a high-precision tool for identifying strong support and resistance areas. It displays VWAP from a selected starting point and, like a moving average, can act as dynamic support or resistance.

In an uptrend, when price falls below AVWAP, buyers often come in, pushing price up.
In a downtrend, when price rises above AVWAP, sellers usually push price down.

By drawing an anchored VWAP from the start of the impulse move and combining it with Fibonacci retracement, you can identify strong trading setups. If the golden zone coincides with AVWAP, this area becomes a strong support or resistance level. When price pulls back to this area, look for entry opportunities.

However, entering a trade simply based on touching the line is risky. A confirming signal is needed, for example:

Engulfing Pattern – the trend candle engulfs the pullback candle
Long wicks – the market rejects the price, ready for a reversal

So let's discuss our entry technique to help realize these opportunities.

What Are the Entry Techniques?

We use engulfing candles as an entry trigger.

Entry Trigger: Engulfing Candles

An engulfing candle is a 2-candle pattern where the second candle completely engulfs the first. This means its high is higher than the previous candle's high, and its low is lower than the previous candle's low.

There are 2 types:

bullish engulfing candle (green), signaling a bullish reversal,
and bearish engulfing candle (red), signaling a bearish reversal.

For example, in an uptrend using anchored VWAP, if price pulls back to the golden zone and forms a bullish engulfing candle, this indicates a potential upward reversal, and we would initiate a buy trade.

In a downtrend using the mirror zone, if price reaches the golden zone and forms a bearish engulfing candle, this signals a downward reversal, and we would enter a sell trade.

Bearish engulfing in the Golden zone is an important entry trigger. This pattern signals that buyers have lost strength and sellers have aggressively taken over.

Risks and How to Reduce Them?

Risk management is a critical aspect of Fibonacci trading. These levels do not guarantee a price reversal in 100% of cases.

1. Which Market Environment to Choose?

Fibonacci tools are best used only in a trending market. In a sideways move, the levels measure noise, not price structure, so the grid should not be drawn!

Avoid trading during major news events – strong economic events often cause sharp spikes that ignore any mathematical levels.

Volume is also important. Trade mainly during periods of high volume. At other times, low liquidity increases the risk of false breakouts.

2. Where to Place Stop-Loss?

Every trade should have a Plan B – a clear stop-loss that limits losses and protects against sudden moves.

Classically, a stop-loss is placed just above or below the 1 (100%) level – the point where the impulse began. If price breaks this level, the correction is considered complete and your idea is invalid.

To reduce risk, you can place a stop-loss outside the Golden zone (38.2–61.8%) or beyond the confirming candle, giving the trade more room to move.

3. Leverage and Position Size

When trading cryptocurrencies and futures, attention should be paid to margin and position size. Pros recommend risking only a small portion of capital per trade – for example, from 0.1% to 1%. This reduces the impact on the deposit during a series of losses.

The liquidation price should always be further away than your stop-loss. For example, if your stop-loss is 10%, 10x leverage would be too aggressive – even a small move against the position could wipe out the entire account.

4. Profit Taking and R:R

Aim to find trades with a profit-to-risk ratio of at least 1:1.5–1:2. On higher timeframes, many traders achieve 1:3 and above.

Part of the position can be closed at the previous high/low (level 0), leaving the remainder as a free trade to run to the Fibonacci extension targets.

After reaching the first take-profit, the stop-loss can be moved to the entry level or to the previous Fibonacci level to ensure at least breakeven and preserve some profit.

5. Risk Filtering and Trading Rules

The simplest way to reduce risk is not to enter blindly at the first touch of the line. Wait for the market's reaction at the Fibonacci level.

Then look for confirming candlestick patterns in the Golden zone – for example, engulfing or long wicks, which show that price is being rejected and a reversal is possible.

Always check signals on higher timeframes:

If you are looking for an entry on the 1-minute (1M) chart, confirm the trend direction on the 15-minute (15M) chart.
For 5-minute trading, use the 30-minute chart to determine the overall context.
For 15-minute trades, look at the 1-hour or 4-hour trend.
When trading on the 1-hour chart, confirmation should come from the daily chart, etc.

If the trend on the higher timeframe is against your trade on the lower timeframe, the probability of failure increases significantly.

It's important to understand that after 2 consecutive losses with a strategy, it's better to stop trading and check if the market has entered a consolidation phase, where Fibonacci levels work less effectively.

Conclusions?

No matter the asset, BTC or ETH or even the stock market – Fibonacci levels always work if the trend is correctly identified and there is confirmation of signals. But unlike stocks, in crypto the 38.2% and 50% retracement levels are often broken, so deeper zones like 61.8% and 78.6% serve as more reliable entry points.

Whales and manipulators in cryptocurrencies deliberately manipulate price, piercing popular levels to gather liquidity and stop-losses of small traders. Therefore, we draw the grid from wick tips, not candle bodies, to account for real liquidity zones.

It's important to understand that Fibonacci is not a holy grail or magic. You can earn for a year, and then lose it all in one moment. Therefore, it's important to use stop-losses.

Fibonacci does not work if not confirmed by higher timeframes or if the trend is weak. The ability to see the market structurally is the real grail.

We have been trading cryptocurrencies since 2018 and have tested hundreds of indicators and strategies. Whether to use Fibonacci or choose another trading system – as always, it's up to you. Happy trading! Your editor – Maxim Anisimov for bytwork.com.

This material is for informational purposes only and is not financial advice.

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Теория степенного закона BTC: Работает ли она и почему обещает BTC за $1 млн

Максим Анисимов — Mon, 15 Dec 2025 14:49:48 +0000

Does the BTC Power-Law model actually work? And why does it pencil in $1 million?

TL;DR:

Bitcoin behaves like a living organism, not a stock. Its price follows power laws, much like the growth of cities, technologies, or trees.
The model accounts for 92% of historical price movements.
The theory also allows for the possibility of Bitcoin reaching $10 million per coin, assuming adoption by only a small fraction of the global population.
However, the model may be overfitted to historical data and overlooks black swan events and speculative dynamics.

Максим Анисимов Mon, 12/15/2025 - 22:15

Contents

Astrophysicist Giovanni Santostasi revealed the law of Bitcoin's price path to $1 million, and his publication from 7 years ago looks frighteningly accurate. Let's fully understand this theory. You'll get a fascinating insight into the fundamentals of how BTC works and a calculator for your own calculations at the end.

According to the Bitcoin Power Law Theory (PLT), the price and metrics of BTC do not follow classical financial models, but obey universal power laws, as in natural phenomena: the growth of cities, technologies, trees, and animals. In other words, BTC is considered an organism because its code has built-in growth drivers.

And this makes its behavior and price significantly more predictable than it seems!

The figure shows a chart of BTC's price growth since its creation. Black shows the price, red – the power law. The coefficient R² = 0.92101 shows that the model explains about 92% of the data variability. A good result.

This theory was developed by Giovanni Santostasi, who holds a PhD in astrophysics. He worked as a neurobiologist at Northwestern University, studying consciousness, intelligence, memory, and the role of sleep. At the same time, the theory does not contradict BTC's price surges and crashes due to market manipulations.

Dr. Santostasi insists that this is the only complete scientific theory of Bitcoin, mathematically confirming its resilience. Let's see if this is true.

How the Bitcoin Power Law Theory works

A power law is a mathematical model of the form y = axⁿ, which describes phenomena where the result becomes the input for the next cycle. This can be clearly seen by plotting the Bitcoin price on a logarithmic scale - it forms a straight line. This is striking because no other asset follows a power law with such precision.

Chart source here.

Such laws are found not in finance, but in nature. For example, the spread of a virus. At an early stage, infected people infect new ones, and the process grows not linearly, but exponentially, until external factors intervene - vaccines, isolation, etc.

From this perspective, Bitcoin resembles the spread of a virus:

The current network power influences future power,
current users bring in new ones,
network growth is a cyclical process, not just accumulation.

Before we continue, calculate for yourself the projected Bitcoin price according to the power law:

Bitcoin Power Law Calculator

Select date:

Days since Genesis Block: 0

0 days 10,000 days

Formula: P = 10^-17 × (Days)^5.83

The calculator estimates the fair price based on the cost of mining one bitcoin and the power law formula. Below we will look at where such a formula comes from.

Now let's look at all 7 points of the theory to understand if it works or to refute it.

Point 1 of the theory - Interest

Satoshi created Bitcoin, and people started mining it on their laptops, while others invested in it out of curiosity. Over time, interest grew, and people began to participate more seriously in discussions and trading.

The figure shows the projected action of this theory until 2040.

Point 2: Price and Users

The second point states that the price of Bitcoin, and in general the value of the network itself, began to increase in proportion to the square of the number of users. This empirical observation is based on a power law between price and the number of addresses, which serves as an approximate indicator of the number of network users, and it confirms a theoretical result known as Metcalfe's Law.

Red line: as the number of users (active addresses) grows, so does the price.

Satoshi probably didn't think about power laws when creating Bitcoin, but he definitely created ingenious mechanisms that ensure the system's stability through mining and difficulty adjustment.

Mining and Difficulty Adjustment Mechanism

The system is balanced. The difficulty adjustment automatically regulates mining difficulty so that 2016 blocks are mined in approximately 2 weeks (10 minutes per block). If blocks are found faster due to increased network power, difficulty increases; if slower, it decreases.

Power laws arise here from feedback loops: price rises, attracts miners, hashrate increases quadratically, and the mechanism balances everything.

Point 3: Inflow of Resources

The growth of Bitcoin's price following the increase in its user base attracted more resources, particularly mining power and capabilities.

People create increasingly advanced and larger mining farms, competing for their share of coins.

Point 4: Compensation Mechanism

In some analyses of this theory, the dependence of other quantities is additionally considered. For example, hashrate or network value. According to the model, these metrics demonstrate a quadratic dependence on price (exponent P^2).

Simply put, if the price doubles, the corresponding metric (e.g., network power) grows approximately fourfold.

Yellow line – price, orange – mining difficulty, blue - network power.

This simplified calculation and logical reasoning are confirmed by the empirical observation of a power law where P^2 is proportional to hashrate in Bitcoin data.

Point 5: Security Growth

The increase in hashrate improved the system's security, and this attracted more users worldwide. Some might say that most people buy Bitcoin not for security, but indirectly it is true, because if the system were not secure, huge amounts of capital would not be invested in it.

Thus, the security of the system directly or indirectly attracted more users.

Point 6: Technology Adoption Growth

The number of Bitcoin users grows in proportion to the cube of time. This is a new discovery of this theory. Most Bitcoin adoption models refer to S-curves typical for the adoption of many technologies, such as televisions, refrigerators, cars, and cell phones; however, Bitcoin does not follow an initially exponential S-curve.

Instead, it follows a power law of the cube of time. It turns out that many phenomena based on an S-curve adoption mechanism actually become power laws if there is some limiting mechanism present.

In the case of Bitcoin, this mechanism is served by both difficulty adjustment and the risk inherent in any investment, so empirically one can observe that Bitcoin adoption growth obeys a power law of the cube of time.

Point 7: Interrelation of the 7 Laws

The seventh and final point of the Theory states that the power law growth of Bitcoin adoption, combined with its other power laws (addresses, price, and network power) are interrelated into a single cause-and-effect picture. Establishing this cause-and-effect relationship allows us to claim that PLT is a full-fledged Theory, not just a model.

On the other hand, a theory is not yet a law, it's just a theory. It's time to look for its flaws.

Criticism of the theory

It is quite possible that Santostasi's work is not a scientific law, but rather a manipulation of historical data. Santostasi merely straightens the curve – it's simple mathematics. One could also call it chart manipulation.

Criticism	Essence of the criticism
Data Manipulation	The author (Santostasi) straightens the curve by fitting numbers and changes parameters for future cycles. Even after that, the model line does not exactly match the data.
Ignores Many Factors	The model only considers price and time, ignoring demand, supply, economic variables, and black swan events.
Relies Only on BTC History	The model extrapolates the past into the future, which is hypothetical and may not account for real future events.
Exaggerated Status	The term 'theory' is more appropriate than 'law', as the latter exaggerates the model's accuracy for a complex system.
Speculative Nature of the Market	Growth may be more driven by speculation (a zero-sum game) rather than real technology adoption, which the model does not account for.

Moreover, the author of the theory, Santostasi, probably just earns money from this. He monetizes his popularity by speaking at numerous podcasts, conferences, and platforms.

On the other hand, the double logarithmic scale chart of Bitcoin still shows a straight line. This means that Bitcoin does not need to be adopted by the majority to reach a high price but will continue to grow, following its scaling-cyclic path.

Forecasts according to the model

According to PLT, Bitcoin could reach $1 million around 2033. This is also confirmed by a calculation showing that Bitcoin will increase its value by 10.63 times in 8 years (i.e., by the time it turns 24 years old),. This corresponds to approximately $1 million.

Santostasi also claims that only a small part of humanity is enough to push Bitcoin's price to $10 million.

Forecast of $13 million by 2045

Although this is not a direct forecast by Santostasi, he mentions that the average scenario presented at a conference predicted $13 million by 2045. Santostasi's own calculation for 2045 gives about $4.5 million.

Forecast for the end of 2026 (cycle bottom)

After the peak in 2025, a correction is expected, which will last about a year, and by the end of 2026, the price will return to the support line at around $65,000.

Read: History of Bitcoin cycles and 4-year growth charts

What about bubbles?

Bubbles are deviations on the price chart from the average trend in the form of the power law's straight line. The theory explains their behavior through self-correcting mechanisms that distinguish Bitcoin from purely speculative assets.

Bitcoin has anti-bubble mechanisms: the price always returns to the line of fair value, regardless of growth cycles or crashes. A crash occurs when the price rises too fast compared to hashrate, because mining infrastructure cannot be scaled instantly, and the system corrects itself.

Bubbles arise from fear of missing out, not from fundamental adoption: the address growth model hardly reproduces them.

Bubbles form regular 4-year cycles: one year of growth to a peak, one year of correction to the support line, and 2 years of consolidation around it. The exponential rise is compensated by a fall, and fluctuations around fair value almost balance each other out.

Historical verification of the theory's calculations

Calculations show that the formula predicts the price very accurately. For example, substituting 6009 days, the formula gave a result of $17,250, and this was almost exactly the market price.

When calculating how long it took Bitcoin to reach $1, the formula predicted 880 days, while in reality it took 915 days. This is a discrepancy of only a few weeks.

How to calculate Bitcoin's growth yourself?

Santostasi offers a simple formula for calculating Bitcoin's fair price based on its age.

3 steps for calculation:

Determine Time (Days)
Count the days since January 3, 2009.
Power Law Formula
P = 10^-17 × (Days)^5.83
- 10^-17 – to get a price ~0 on the first day.
- Exponent 5.83 – reflects nonlinearity.
Calculation
Substitute the days into the formula (calculator or browser). The result is the fair price according to PLT.

Calculating the future price can be done by simply extrapolating the current growth. For example, doubling Bitcoin's age (from 16 to 24 years) should lead to an approximately 10.63x increase in price. This essentially corresponds to the $1 million forecast.

Dr. Santostasi compares the BTC phenomenon to physics:

"From the perspective of the power law, time for Bitcoin slows down as it grows."

This means that Bitcoin does not need to radically change its behavior to reach the next orders of magnitude. It simply continues doing what it has been doing since the very beginning.

Historical facts about growth

Bitcoin is the fastest-growing asset in human history. In 15 years, it has grown approximately 100 million times since the first transactions.

Bitcoin's growth surpasses any other asset, including Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, and Nvidia, and they are not even in the same order of magnitude!

The theory includes a strong support line that Bitcoin's price almost never crosses. This support line is a physical limit determined by the cost of mining.

According to a CoinShares report, the average cost of mining one bitcoin is ~$55,950, and including non-cash expenses (depreciation, employees) it reached ~$106,000. Mining remains profitable at a Bitcoin price of $100,000.

Conclusions

This is a theory, not investment advice or a prophecy.
The Bitcoin Power Law is one of the most coherent and elegant models explaining:

why BTC doesn't grow like a stock,
why bubbles repeat,
why the price can be predicted,
and why all of this is not randomness, but a system.

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Прогноз курса XLM Stellar до 2030 года. Что будет с криптовалютой? Стоит ли инвестировать?

Антон Састрпцин — Fri, 21 Jan 2022 12:13:27 +0000

XLM Stellar Price Prediction to 2030. What's next for the cryptocurrency? Is it worth investing in? Антон Састрпцин Fri, 10/24/2025 - 17:57

Contents

In this article, we've compiled opinions from experts, analysts, exchanges, and companies on the future price of the Stellar (XLM) cryptocurrency.

Stellar provides borderless transfers, asset tokenization, and DeFi solutions for developers, institutions, and innovators worldwide.

This coin is among the top 20 cryptocurrencies by market capitalization!

This article is not financial advice! It's up to you to decide what to do with your finances and XLM.

XLM price forecast from 2025 to 2030

We are a team of experts who have been engaged in trading, mining and development in the world of blockchain since 2016, and we have our own vision of the future of the Stellar coin (XLM) based on historical snapshots, our experience and technical analysis.:

Year	Approximate minimum $	Approximate maximum $	Comment
2025	0.22$	0.8	The bull market has begun. Cryptocurrency prices are expected to rise by the end of the year.
2026	0.3	1.4$	The end of the bull market is expected, followed by a reversal. A bear market is expected by mid-year.
2027	0.2	0.8	The bear market is intensifying. With a stable ecosystem and favorable market conditions, major leaps are possible.
2028	0.7	1.3	Thaw. The Bitcoin halving is approaching. Stellar, as an established project with real use cases, will attract the attention of new investors. However, as history shows, growth (thaw) will be expected towards the end of the year, that is, after the halving!
2029	1	2.2	With a strong altcoin bull market and growing demand for infrastructure tokens, the bull market has begun!
2030	2	2.8	The end of the bull market. A phase of maturity and stabilization. However, we don't expect huge growth in this bull cycle, as competition from other, more powerful projects, such as XRP and others, will take up most of the market share!

As you can see, the project will have its ups and downs. Cryptocurrency can't just go up; it's always like a roller coaster (sometimes up, sometimes down, sometimes stagnating).

And this has always been the case:

We don't think XLM will experience extreme growth. It's an established cryptocurrency with very strong competitors, which will also be trying to grab a piece of the pie!

However, we believe that the cryptocurrency's growth, while not particularly dramatic, is not sluggish, as the project is not a sham and actually offers useful features!

XLM Price Prediction 2025-2030: What Exchanges and Companies Are Saying

In reality, few companies and exchanges have commented on the future of the XLM cryptocurrency. However, we have collected everything that is available on the Internet:

Exchange / Company	Forecast	Forecast year	Comment
Kraken	Projected to grow at ~5% per year (linear growth each year)	until 2035	Kraken expects the price to grow linearly by 5% per year.
CEX.IO	Average price over 8 years ~$0,63	This is the average price until 2030.	Their forecast indicates that the price will be between $0.2 and $1.2 by 2029.
Benzinga	Bear market	2030	2030 Forecast: $0.971 (Bearish), $1.03 (Average), $1.09 (Bullish)
CoinBird	Optimistic scenario	2025, 2026, 2030	2025: Average ~$0.57, Optimistic up to $0.83 / 2030: Average ~$2.59, Optimistic up to $4.65
CoinPriceForecast	More restrained growth	until 2030	2025 end ~$0.40, mid 2026 ~$0.58, then stabilization to ~$0.48 by 2030
Cryptonews	Moderate growth by 2030	2025, 2030	2025 Forecast: ~$0.38 (range $0.34-$0.42) 2030 Forecast: ~$1.18 (range $0.69-$1.89)
OKX	A very optimistic scenario	2025 - 2030	2025: Avg ~$0.97, Max ~$1.29 / 2030: Avg ~$4.60, Max ~$6.19

Very few major companies and exchanges have issued forecasts.

But even based on this data, we see that growth, albeit modest, is generally expected!

Yes, there have been news outlets (but we didn't include them) that believe the XLM price will reach $10 by 2030, but they haven't provided any confirmation.

And overall, for such a cryptocurrency, a $10 price is a very high price, almost unattainable, at least based on its market capitalization in recent years!

Opinion of Analysts and experts: XLM Stellar price forecast

Now let's look at what global experts/bloggers have written about the future price of XLM:

Blogger / Expert Analyst	Forecast	Comment
Coin Bureau (YouTube)	Cautiously optimistic. Notes high potential. Considers 2025-2027 key for growth.	XLM's success depends entirely on the Soroban smart contract ecosystem's ability to attract developers and create in-demand applications. Notes that Stellar lags far behind other ecosystems in terms of the number of dApps.
Ben Armstrong (YouTube)	Bullish. Includes XLM in lists of "top coins" for the bull market. Predicts it will reach $3-5 by 2030.	He believes that XLM is significantly undervalued compared to its competitors. He believes that with the advent of Soroban smart contracts, the coin could experience strong growth.
Analysts with TradingView (CryptoMichNL, TradingShot)	Mixed. Forecasts range from $0.80 to $2.00+ by the end of 2026 based on chart models.	Long-term consolidation: Many point out that XLM has been trading in a wide range for years and is preparing to break out. Critical levels: Key resistance levels (e.g., $0.35, $0.65) are identified; breaking these will pave the way for significant growth.
Analysts (Twitter / X)	The range of forecasts is extremely wide: from complete extinction to $10+.	Various comments.

Likewise, most bloggers and analysts believe the coin will rise. However, not everyone believes in strong growth.

XLM Cryptocurrency Forecast to 2030: ChatGPT's Opinion

Now let's take a look at the analytics compiled by the artificial intelligence (from ChatGPT). We'll also answer the main question: can we trust it in such matters?

ChatGPT's opinion:

Year	Average exchange rate (USD)	Possible range $	Comment
2025	0,30 - 0,45	0,25 - 0,60	Growth is expected with increased adoption of the project, but competition, regulation and market cycles may constrain it.
2026	0,50 - 0,80	0,40 - 1,10	If the project strengthens its position in cross-border transfers, it may attract institutional investors.
2027	0,70 - 1,20	0,50 - 1,50+	Network growth and integration with DeFi/RWA tokens could boost demand
2028	1,00 - 1,60	0,70 - 2,00	Given favorable market conditions and technological progress, large leaps are possible.
2029	1,20 - 2,00	0,80 - 2,50	Strengthening perception of XLM as an infrastructure asset could spur growth
2030	1,50 - 2,50	1,00 - 3,50	In the best-case scenario, an “alternative infrastructure” asset with high demand

Unfortunately, GPT only shows linear growth, and as we know, bearish cycles/collapses are inevitable in cryptocurrency, as well as in the stock market. However, GPT only shows linear growth.

This forecast shouldn't be trusted, although it's not entirely dire, as we're seeing moderate growth here. There are no exorbitant figures.

XLM Cryptocurrency Price Prediction 2030: Deepseek's Opinion

Now let's see what forecast Deepseek made:

Year	Forecast (average price)	Comment
2025	$0.18 - $0.35	Recovery and consolidation phase. The cryptocurrency market is expected to exit the bear market. Growth will depend on overall market sentiment.
2026	$0.30 - $0.55	Technological growth phase. By this time, the Soroban ecosystem should be fully developed and attract developers.
2027	$0.45 - $0.85	Mass Adoption Phase: Stellar may begin receiving contracts from major financial institutions and governments
2028	$0.65 - $1.20	BTC halving is approaching. The entire market will be preparing for the Bitcoin halving. Stellar, as an established project with real use cases, will attract significant investor attention.
2029	$0.90 - $1.80	The peak of a new market cycle. Amid the halving and general market hype, XLM could reach new all-time highs.
2030	$1.20 - $2.50+	Maturity and Stabilization Phase. If Stellar realizes its potential and establishes itself as a key infrastructure for global finance and remittances, the price could stabilize at high levels.

Unfortunately, Deepseek also shows only a linear growth rate, without rebounds, which is implausible.

However, like GPT, it doesn't show any significant increases, but rather a fairly steady growth, which is more likely true.

However, AI forecasts cannot be completely trusted.

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DefiLlama: Список всех протоколов и проектов для заработка - гайд

Максим Анисимов — Fri, 03 Oct 2025 09:15:05 +0000

DefiLlama guide: 6K+ Protocols, 464 Chains, 19K Pools for earning Максим Анисимов Fri, 10/03/2025 - 14:37

Table of contents

You will learn how to stay ahead of the market by independently finding DeFi projects where you can profitably provide liquidity, farm yield, and select profitable staking for your assets in the networks you need.

By the end of this article, you will know exactly how to maximize passive income and outperform the market using DefiLlama.

What is DefiLlama

DefiLlama is a kind of encyclopedia, showing liquidity, fees, revenue, and transaction volumes across thousands of protocols. In this sense, DefiLlama is like a crystal ball, displaying the best yields across the entire DeFi space in real-time.

The aggregator updates every minute and is also used to track the total value locked across different blockchains and protocols. This is called Total Value Locked, or TVL.

The DeFi Market Overview tab.

It's a kind of DeFi market weather board, and to understand it, you need to know the key metrics.

Key Metrics TVL, Chains, and Protocols

TVL

The main indicator on the site is the Total Value Locked, TVL. Each protocol also displays its own TVL.

Higher TVL generally indicates a more reliable protocol.

Protocol Rankings

Scroll down the page – here you will find all protocols, sorted by TVL, meaning by the market value of assets locked within them.

In the aggregator's interface, the protocols list will always be at the bottom, regardless of the filters selected!

It's important to remember that if a protocol is dominated by, for example, Ethereum, a change in TVL might not reflect an inflow or outflow of liquidity, but simply the price fluctuation of the native token.

Each protocol belongs to a specific category, and we recommend familiarizing yourself with these categories in more detail below.

Chains ETH, SOL, BTC, Tron, etc.

DefiLlama ranks chains by TVL size. You can quickly switch between chains at the top

The separate Chains tab clearly displays the networks in a pie chart with dynamics on the right.

The tab with all chains.

Below the chart is a detailed list of chains with the number of protocols, TVL, and changes. Here you can see that the leaders are ETH and Solana.

How to choose a chain?

Each chain is like a city district – some are noisy, some are quiet. In this regard, choosing a blockchain is similar to choosing a location to open a business. Select a chain and protocol based on your tasks and goals. For example, if you need low fees, Solana is a good place. SUI and APTOS are suitable if you're looking for high transaction speed and modern architecture.

Here you can also see how funds are moving between blockchains. If you need to know which network attracted the most TVL in the last month, you can view and filter out small projects with a couple million dollars.

The comparison tool will also help you choose a chain and protocol.

Comparing Protocols and Chains

To compare chains or protocols, simply enter the word compare in the Search field and select the desired chains or protocols.

The chain comparison tab.

For example, ETH's TVL is decreasing, while Solana's is growing. By comparing different chains, you see the dynamics, which allows you to better select protocols.

You can also compare protocols themselves. You can plot the TVL and compare daily, 7-day, and 30-day changes. In the example, we compared the protocols Aave, Lido, EigenLayer, Ethena USDe, Binance staked ETH, and WBTC.

Explore the Compare Protocols tab.

Now let's look at specific protocol lists.

Yield Farming

Yield farming is where high percentages live. And DefiLlama's yield rankings are a gold mine if you know how to configure filters and find protocol lists.

The Yields: All Pools tab shows all available liquidity pools.

You can specify a particular pair, for example, WBTC/USDC, and set a TVL filter from $500k, then sort by APY.

Click on the Search for a token to filter by field, switch to Pairs, and sequentially enter the tokens you are interested in. For example, WBTC and USDC.

We will also specify a TVL range from $500k to filter out scam protocols.

After applying the filter and sorting by APY, we conveniently see the specific pool, protocol, TVL, APY, the chain where this pool farms, as well as fees.

It's important to distinguish between Base APY – rewards from the pool itself – and Reward APY – additional tokens distributed on top.

If these tokens are not locked and can be sold quickly, the proceeds can be reinvested into more reliable assets.

However, high percentages are not always safe, so be sure to check the TVL, audits, and history of the protocol. More on that below.

Experienced investors also search for protocols through attributes. First, they select a chain – Ethereum, Arbitrum, Solana – and keep one or several to reduce noise.

Then they open the Category filter and specify stablecoins, pools without impermanent loss, or potential airdrops.

Next, look at the TVL, as high values often indicate reliability. Never chase insane APY on dead blockchains, as high returns always come with the high risk of unsafe protocols!

Protocols with low TVL in the Yield section may offer high returns, but those yields are unstable and short-lived. The small amount of locked capital makes them highly volatile and increases the risk of losses when you unwind your position.

High APY is often artificially engineered by large players to attract liquidity. Instead, it’s far safer to choose well‑established protocols with steady yields and billions in locked value. Lido being a prime example.

Checking Protocol Security

To minimize risks, it's important to regularly check the Hacks tab. It publishes fresh data on hacked protocols, loss amounts, and incident dates.

The Hacks tab.

If you open a specific protocol, its hack history will also be shown at the bottom.

You should also pay attention to smart contract audits. Having an audit is not a guarantee of complete cybersecurity, but it is an important signal that the protocol's code has been reviewed by third-party specialists.

To filter lists of protocols with audits, click Attributes and select Audited.

However, as practice shows, even audited protocols can be hacked if the audit was superficial or did not cover all vulnerabilities.

Let's consider other protocols.

Earning on DEX and Liquidity

Decentralized exchanges allow you to swap crypto directly between users, and DefiLlama tracks DEX volumes.

List of DEX protocols.

Uniswap leads, gathering $106 billion daily. Clicking on this protocol, we see its yield. This includes the average 30-day yield and a chart. APY is the annual percentage yield, meaning what you would earn over a year.

On Uniswap, you can get about 10% annual yield just by depositing BTC into a pool.

Earnings come from providing liquidity. Imagine you are lending your crypto so that trades on these DEXs can happen. Simply put, you give your funds to the exchange, and it pays you interest.

Stablecoins as a Comfort Zone

If you select the Stablecoins attribute, you will find pools with stablecoins – it's like savings accounts in banks.

It's best to set a filter for TVL from $1,000,000 and APY from 10% to 40%.

The tab with stablecoin pools.

High percentages are tempting, but remember, you shouldn't buy unknown tokens just for high yield – it's better to use assets you already have in your portfolio. Or more or less verified ones like USDC and USDT.

Additional Tools

DefiLlama offers a whole range of metrics. Let's look at the most useful ones.

Airdrops

Here you can find recent projects without their own token that, in DefiLlama's opinion, might conduct a token distribution.

The Airdrops tab.

The main filter is the presence of TVL. The higher it is, the lower the risk of encountering a scam.

Treasuries

The Treasuries tab shows which assets and in what volume decentralized protocols hold. This indirectly helps assess bankruptcy risks.

The Treasuries tab

You can click on a protocol and see the token distribution, for example, for AAVE or Lido Finance.

LlamaSwap

The Tools tab contains a built-in swap aggregator LlamaSwap. Often, swapping here turns out to be more profitable than on other aggregators because the service itself finds the best swap route.

By connecting your wallet and selecting a network, you can set the acceptable slippage (Slippage) and get a route that considers the exchange rate and fees from third-party protocols.

Crypto ETFs

DefiLlama also shows Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs. These are big money funds buying cryptocurrency and pushing prices up.

The ETF tab.

In other words, ETFs reflect market dynamics as an indicator of market maturity and the inflow of institutional capital.

Correlation Matrix

The Correlations Matrix tool shows how the prices of two tokens move relative to each other. This is useful for making informed decisions about which assets to combine in a liquidity pool based on the current market situation.

The Correlations Matrix tab.

By selecting tokens, you can look at correlations to maximize fee earnings and minimize impermanent loss.

Raises

The Raises tab shows which projects have received investments and which venture funds participated.

The Raises tab.

This helps in finding fresh and invested projects that you can study and participate in during early stages, anticipating potential rewards.

It’s also important to keep in mind that the Raises section doesn’t show the distribution status of tokens. Without independently vetting the project through third‑party scanners, there’s a risk of putting money into an airdrop that has already ended.

Bridges

This tab aggregates various bridges and shows which networks they work with.

The Bridges tab

This is convenient for quickly searching and selecting bridges between blockchains.

Revenue

Here you can see the monetization models of protocols.

The Revenue tab

For example, Tether generates daily revenue by investing USDT reserves in US Treasury bills.
PancakeSwap earns from trading fees, sharing 50% with users.

Risks, Vulnerabilities

DefiLlama only aggregates raw data from the blockchain, while contract verification, token economics, and off-chain facts you must check yourself. Otherwise, the risk of financial loss increases many times over.

For instance, in Q3 2025, $434 million was lost due to exploits and fraud in DeFi and CeFi, primarily because of access control vulnerabilities and phishing.

Let's consider the most common risks and shortcomings in the table below.

Protocol Risks
Risk/Shortcoming	What is the danger?
Yield (APY)	High APY is often achieved through the emission of new tokens, leading to their rapid devaluation. Real profit might turn out to be insignificant.
Protocol Security	It does not conduct real-time risk assessment. You might enter a vulnerable or fraudulent pool.
Lack of Depth	Does not display liquidity depth (spreads). High TVL can be deceptive due to one large deposit or speculative farming.
No Off-Chain Metrics	Lacks key protocol health metrics – number of active users, income, and revenue. TVL without them is a weak indicator.
Complex for Beginners	An abundance of complex data without explanations can lead to misinterpretation and ineffective investment decisions.
Does Not Account for Dynamics	Shows only instantaneous rates, not accounting for future token volatility, lock-ups, or penalties for early exit.

From the risks, it's clear that all figures are taken from smart contracts, but after you enter, the real APY can drop due to an increase in TVL or the end of token emissions, so high rates often turn out to be a mirage of the first hours.

Therefore, it is extremely important to consider all criteria for selecting protocols.

Conclusions

In DeFi, money doesn't just sit idle but works and brings rewards, however, it's important to consider the risks.

If you apply DefiLlama filters by TVL, asset type, and chain, you can quickly cut through the noise and focus on protocols that have already proven themselves as sustainable. This helps reduce the risk of falling for a scam or entering a low-liquidity pool.

Disclaimer – The information provided in this article should not be considered financial advice! This article was created for educational purposes only. Never invest more than you can afford to lose, and seek advice only from your personal financial advisor.

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Как обновить прошивку Ellipal Titan 2.0 и Ellipal Mini

Максим Анисимов — Tue, 27 May 2025 11:34:43 +0000

Guide to Updating the Firmware for Ellipal Titan 2.0 and Ellipal Mini Wallets Максим Анисимов Tue, 05/27/2025 - 14:55

Contents

The Ellipal firmware update enhances security (fixes vulnerabilities), adds support for new cryptocurrencies and tokens, and optimizes the interface and operational stability.

Before performing any update, always make sure you have a backup of your seed phrase. If the update process is interrupted or the device fails, without the seed phrase it will be impossible to restore access to your funds!

Step 1 – Prepare the microSD Card

To update your wallet, first prepare an empty microSD card. Most often, this card comes included with the device.

Connect the SD card to your PC and make sure it is formatted as FAT32 for the update to work correctly. To do this, right-click the card → Properties → File system.

Format the card if it is not in FAT32. Right-click the card → Format → File system: FAT32 → Start.

Step 2 – Download the Firmware

Go to the official Ellipal website and locate the Firmware Update section at the top of the page.

On the update page, select your device model.

Scroll down to the guide and click Download. Save the file to the SD card.

Attention: do not rename or extract the downloaded file. Copy the file in its original format so that it is the only file on the memory card.

Step 3 – Insert the Card into the Wallet

Ellipal uses a special adapter with a slot for the microSD. Inside the adapter is a microcontroller that mounts the memory card and passes its contents to the wallet itself. The correct operation of this chain determines the success of the update.

The update process is identical for both Titan and MINI. For Titan 2.0, a dock station with a microSD slot is used. For Mini, a simple adapter is used.

For Titan MINI:

For Ellipal Titan 2.0:

A blue light on the indicator means that the card has been successfully recognized and is ready for reading. A green light means that the card is NOT mounted and the update is not possible.

Sometimes the LED never turns blue and stays green the entire time. In this case, based on experience, the solution is as follows. Completely power off the adapter for at least 1 second (ideally 5 minutes to fully discharge the microcontroller). Then power it back on, and the LED should immediately blink blue.

It is important that if the blue indicator does not light up or you see the Examination Failed error, you should not simply reboot the wallet—it is necessary to disconnect and reconnect the adapter to the power source. This will reboot the microcontroller and allow it to mount the SD card.

Step 4 – Start the Update

Next, turn on the wallet and go to the menu Settings → Update.

If the SD card is recognized correctly, the device will display the firmware file name and the current version.

Tap Start Update and a progress bar will appear, copying and installing the firmware.

The update may take up to 5–10 minutes. Do not disconnect the power or remove the wallet from the adapter during this time. Upon successful completion, a message will appear: Updated successfully.

Congratulations. You have successfully updated the firmware and can now use your wallet.

In the guide on the mobile app, you will learn how to instantly synchronize balances, receive market movement notifications, and securely sign transactions.

In the guide on Ellipal Titan, you will learn how to set up hidden accounts with a separate passphrase option to conceal your wallet and maximize anonymity.

In the guide on Ellipal Mini with IP65 protection, you will discover how Mini offers the same advanced features as the full Titan, but in a more budget-friendly and portable format.

Summary

After a successful update, in the menu Settings → About, you will see the new firmware version displayed.

After the update, you may notice new networks/tokens, interface improvements, bug fixes (for example, recalculation of transaction fees, support for Taproot, a new version of the OS inside the wallet, etc.).

Technical Support:

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Что такое Цифровой Рубль? Как он работает? Когда запустится? Это криптовалюта?

Антон Састрпцин — Thu, 02 Mar 2023 12:55:22 +0000

What is the Digital Ruble? How does it work? When will it be launched? Is it a cryptocurrency? Антон Састрпцин Thu, 04/06/2023 - 15:26

Contents

Digital Ruble what is it: a quick answer

Highlights:

The digital ruble is not a cryptocurrency, but it is protected by crypto encryption and created on a centralized blockchain
The digital ruble is no different from the cash ruble and the modern non-cash ruble (bank transfer)
1 Digital ruble = 1 cash ruble (and non-cash too).
The digital ruble will not replace cash and non-cash payments, but will only complement them
You will not lose digital rubles, even if your bank closes!
The digital ruble belongs to the Bank of Russia
You can pay with a digital ruble abroad
The digital ruble will be launched in April 2023
The digital Ruble will not be traded on a cryptocurrency exchange, like, for example, USDT
Digital ruble reliable, fast and safe

What is the digital ruble?

The Digital Ruble (CBDC) is a new, official and additional form of the Russian national currency, which will be issued by the Bank of Russia in digital form (electronic). The digital ruble will be able to combine the properties of both cash and non-cash rubles.

Like non-cash money (online payment), the digital ruble makes remote payments possible. At the same time, just like cash, the digital ruble can be used offline - that is, even if there is no access to the Internet.

The digital ruble will be available to the following economic entities:

Citizens
All types of business
To all participants of the financial market
Government

Just like cash and non-cash rubles, the digital ruble will perform all 3 standard functions of money, namely:

Means of payment
Measure of value
Savings

Simply put, a digital ruble is the same ruble as the one used in a bank transfer: it cannot be touched (it has no physical analogue like cash), but at the same time its value is exactly the same as that of cash. It was created as a more convenient, modern means of payment to reduce costs (on logistics, commissions, production, etc.), and most importantly, it is faster, more reliable and safer. Yes, the digital ruble is not a cryptocurrency, but it has a centralized (state) blockchain and is protected by crypto encryption!

Important! If a user starts a digital wallet for a digital ruble only through 1 bank, and this bank eventually closes, then the user will not lose access to their digital rubles! Whatever the amount of digital rubles in the wallet, users will continue to be able to safely use their funds through other banks in which they are serviced!

Each digital ruble will have its own unique number, just like cash, so it will be easy to track their movement in case of theft.

Also, digital rubles can be bequeathed and inherited, while, importantly, close people (relatives) will be able to receive an inheritance from a digital account necessary to pay for the funeral, before the expiration of 6 months from the date of the announcement of the inheritance.

What is the digital ruble equal to?

The digital ruble is the same ruble as cash and non–cash.

Now 1 non-cash ruble = 1 cash ruble, and 1 digital ruble = 1 cash (or non-cash) ruble!

All 3 forms (cash, non-cash, digital) of the Russian ruble will be absolutely equivalent.

Digital Ruble to Dollar

As we wrote earlier, the digital ruble does not differ from the usual cash (and non-cash) ruble. Therefore, a digital ruble will cost the same to the dollar as a regular ruble!

When will the digital ruble be launched?

Initially, the digital ruble was planned to be launched in 2024. However, in February 2023, it was decided that the digital ruble would be launched in April 2023.

On this occasion , the Deputy Governor of the Bank of Russia said:

"The pilot phase will work with real operations for real people, but only for a limited number of them, with 13 banks that have declared their readiness."

List of 13 banks: Alfa-Bank, Sberbank, TKB, Ak Bars, VTB, Dom.RF, Tinkoff Bank, Gazprombank, Rosbank, PSB, Soyuz bank, SKB-bank.

Will the digital ruble replace cash and non-cash payments?

No, the digital ruble will not replace cash! It is considered not as a replacement for cash or non-cash rubles, but as an addition to existing forms of money.

Official response:

Simply put, not all segments of the population will be able to switch to the digital ruble. A vivid example of this is pensioners who will not be able to switch to a new, complex system. Many people are still more comfortable receiving cash and paying only with it.

It takes a lot of time to replace a cash payment with a digital ruble. At this stage, the digital ruble will be introduced to the masses, and after a few generations, when everyone will be able to use digital money without problems, they will be able to replace cash! But a complete replacement of cash is not yet planned.

What is the digital ruble for?

The most important advantage of the digital ruble over cash and non-cash payments:

The digital ruble will make payments even faster, safer and easier.
The development of digital payments will lead to a reduction in the cost of payment services, as well as money transfers.
The sender will be able to label digital rubles at will, so that the recipient spends them only for certain set goals. This ensures transparency of transfers and circulation of the money supply.

Now let's look at this in more detail.

What is the security of this system? All operations with digital rubles will take place on the regulator's platform, and they are also protected using cryptography. The Bank of Russia will be able to track transactions of digital wallets and guarantees the safety of money.

Why will the digital ruble be faster? Transactions with digital rubles pass through a digital wallet and this happens almost instantly and without pauses — 24/7 (for example, how the Fast Payment System (SBP) works now). This applies not only to transfers between people, but also payments to company accounts.

What is the convenience of the digital ruble over cash and non-cash payments? Anyone can conclude secure transactions (so-called smart contracts) directly on the regulator's platform. Under these contracts, payment in digital rubles will be carried out automatically with the strict fulfillment of the pre-prescribed terms of the contract.

What is the transparency of the digital ruble? The sender of digital rubles will be able to label them so that the recipient spends them only for the specified purposes. For example, parents will be able to label digital rubles that they transfer to their children, and the marked funds can be spent, for example, only on paying for lunches and travel (or something else).

All this will serve as an incentive for innovation both in the field of retail payments and in other areas, and will support the development of the digital economy. Reducing the dependence of users on individual providers will increase the stability of the country's financial system.

Will the digital ruble be able to pay for purchases abroad?

The digital ruble has not yet been put into circulation, so this answer is purely theoretical.

Theoretically, it is possible to pay for goods abroad, moreover, various states are already experimenting with cross-border payments in digital currencies.

But at the same time, when using the digital ruble, the same question arises as when using other types of money.

For example, if a user sends a digital ruble to China, then you need to make sure that the Chinese get the coverage they need for it (in rubles, yuan, gold, etc.). It will be necessary to set exchange rates for such types of transactions.

The main question for many is: "Will digital rubles be able to replace the bank cards or SWIFT bank transfers that are not working abroad?" - they may be able to, but, again, the answer to this question is still theoretical.

Advantages of the digital ruble

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of non-cash money.

The digital ruble should become a new, convenient, additional means of payment for both sellers and buyers, especially in remote, hard-to-reach and sparsely populated areas where access to financial infrastructure is severely limited.

Thanks to the digital ruble, the coverage of the population with financial services will increase, which will become more accessible, which will eventually improve the quality of people's lives.

In general, the advantages of the digital ruble are many: from reducing logistics costs to security and increasing the coverage of the population with financial services!

How to use a digital ruble?

Using a digital ruble will be as easy and simple as using a bank card or an electronic wallet (for example, Qiwi).

As we wrote earlier, all transactions of the digital ruble can be carried out both online and offline.

To perform transactions offline, without Internet access, users will be able to pay in advance by reserving a certain amount of digital rubles in their electronic wallet (this is similar to how you just put cash in your wallet at home), in places where cards are not accepted.

In the online mode, transactions are performed similarly by bank transfer (as with a bank card).

The main difference is that you can have any number of electronic or bank accounts, and only one digital wallet.

How to create a digital ruble wallet?

Presumably there will be the following procedure:

The user creates a digital wallet of the digital ruble using the mobile application of any bank (in which he is registered) participating in the digital ruble program (platform). Then he gets access through the applications of other banks connected to the platform.
Next, the user puts money in the wallet. Through Internet banking or mobile banking, users will be able to replenish their digital wallet with any amounts they need from their regular (current) bank account.
After that, the user can make transfers to organizations (online stores and others), ordinary people. To do this, you need to: specify the phone number of the recipient of digital rubles (the owner of another wallet), after which he will receive funds instantly. Please note that it does not matter which bank your recipient is a client of — the money between digital ruble wallets goes through the Bank of Russia platform.

How to pay for goods and services in digital rubles? Everything is simple here: digital rubles are transferred from your wallet to the wallet of the company (store). All you will need to make a payment is to scan the seller's QR code through the mobile application in your bank.

It is also very easy to convert digital rubles back into non-cash money. Digital rubles from a digital wallet can be transferred back to your bank account in any of your banks connected to the digital ruble platform!

What are the commissions of the digital ruble?

Users, sole proprietors and companies have the opportunity to create a digital wallet by signing a standard digital account agreement with one of the banks that is connected to the platform.

The bank, in turn, will charge a commission for transactions. However, these commissions will not exceed the amount set by the Central Bank.

According to the chairman of the Central Bank, digital accounts should reduce the cost of settlements.

The tariffs of the digital ruble will not be higher than in the current "System of Fast payments" (SBP), that is, they will amount to 0.4–0.7% of the amount.

Can scammers steal a digital ruble from accounts?

Quick answer: only by tricks such as social engineering.

The main thing here is to understand that the digital ruble is different from the non-cash payment we are used to, since it has cryptographic protection and is based on the blockchain!

All user data is kept in the strictest confidentiality with the use of the latest cyber defense technologies.

Any transaction in digital rubles takes place only if the user confirms it with his electronic signature.

But at the same time, you should not lose vigilance, since scammers will always try to lure money (for example, with the help of social engineering tricks).

At the moment, if the user transfers funds to scammers himself, or accidentally informs them of confidential information that will give fraudsters access to the victim's accounts, then banks will not always help to return the funds, or help, but the proceedings may drag on for a long time.

In the case of the digital ruble, it will be possible not only to compensate for the victim's losses, but also to quickly track down the movement of funds by criminals. All this is possible due to the fact that all operations with the digital ruble take place on a single, centralized platform of the regulator (centralized blockchain) and the actions of the attackers can be tracked and see which wallet the stolen funds went to.

Can the digital ruble create inflation?

The digital ruble will not create inflation, since more or less money will not appear in the country because of the digital ruble.

The digital ruble is just a new form of money! There will be no additional issue of money due to the appearance of the digital ruble, which means that this will not affect prices and their growth.

What should I do if something breaks?

The Bank of Russia will create a single portal for digital ruble users.

Applications from users will be sent to 2 places at once: to the regulator and your bank, in whose mobile application the user could not, for example, receive a transfer or make it.

Users will be able to ask all these or other questions in real time 24/7 in the CB Online chat.

Now let's answer the question in more detail, what is the central bank's digital currency?

What is the central bank's digital currency?

The central bank's digital currency (CBDC) is money that can be issued by a country's central bank. They are called digital (or electronic) because they are not physical money like banknotes and coins (paper/metal money).

The central bank's digital currency can be represented as an amount on a computer or similar device.

The Bank of Russia is the central bank of Russia, and it is carefully studying the idea of a central bank digital currency for Russia.

The central bank's digital currency is a type of digital money.

How does the digital ruble differ from the cryptocurrency?

Most likely, you have heard about Bitcoin, Ethereum and USDT. These are examples of private digital assets (sometimes called cryptocurrencies or crypto assets). CBDC differs from crypto assets in several important aspects:

Firstly, crypto assets are issued privately. If something goes wrong with the crypto asset, the central bank or the government will not be able to intervene.
Secondly, the value of the crypto asset is unstable. It can rise or fall quickly in a very short period of time. This is not ideal when making payments. Unlike cryptocurrencies (such as Bitcoin), digital rubles will be stable and retain their value over time!
Also, cryptocurrencies are decentralized and this is not always good. The digital ruble will be fully centralized and supported by the state.

As we have already said, cryptocurrencies are not regulated and are most often decentralized. Their price is determined by investor sentiment, external political situations, regulations, use and interest on the part of investors.

You need to understand that cryptocurrencies are volatile assets that are more suitable for speculation (earning on the difference in exchange rates, holding coins before the onset of growth - hype, and others). All this makes them impossible candidates for use in a financial system that requires stability.

CBDCs reflect the value of the fiat currency and are designed to ensure stability and security.

How does the digital ruble differ from the modern cashless payment?

From the point of view of the use of bright differences will not be. The digital ruble will be faster than non-cash payments (as for domestic and foreign transfers), and it will also become much safer and more secure.

Also, users affected by fraudsters will now be more likely to return the stolen funds (meaning those that they sent themselves, due to the same social engineering).

In general, all this is very similar to a standard, familiar to everyone, bank account, but with one very important difference.

At the moment, the money of users (enterprises, etc.), lies on accounts in commercial banks. Digital rubles will be stored directly in the Central Bank, that is, with the state, which is more reliable and safer.

Is the digital ruble a cryptocurrency?

Despite the fact that the idea of digital currencies of the central bank (CB) comes from cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology directly, CBDC are not cryptocurrencies.

CBDC are controlled by a central authority - the state, whereas cryptocurrencies are almost all decentralized, which means that they cannot be regulated by one authority, and they also lack guarantees of consumer protection and their value is subject to serious fluctuations (volatility).

On the official website of the Central Bank, there is a detailed answer whether the digital ruble is a cryptocurrency:

"The digital ruble is an obligation of the central bank, implemented through digital technologies and has nothing to do with "cryptocurrencies". This is a fiat currency, that is, a currency whose stability of functioning is provided by the state in the person of the central bank"

How does the digital currency (digital ruble) differ from Stablecoin?

The most important difference between a digital currency (of any country) and a stablecoin is that the stable coin is not official, it was issued by a private company. Yes, most often it is tied to some asset (USD, EURO, oil or gold, and so on), and the digital currency belongs to the state, and it regulates it.

If the stablecoin dies, depositors will lose all funds, and the digital currency is supported by the state, and it will always regulate all processes.

A striking example is the stable TerraUSD coin (USTC), which collapsed in 2022 and all depositors (holders in this coin) lost all their funds!

Also an example of the Tether (USDT) coin, which had courts with the US SEC at the beginning of 2022, because of which the price of the stable coin sank a little.

Therefore, from the point of view of reliability, the digital currency greatly benefits, since it is protected by the state!

Will cryptocurrency exchanges accept the digital ruble?

In our usual understanding for exchange on the stock exchange (example of exchange: USDT / BTC), there will be no such listing, and it is impossible.

Most likely, cryptocurrency exchanges that now allow you to deposit /withdraw Rubles will accept a new type of replenishment with Rubles on their platform – through the Digital Ruble platform.

However, this may not happen.

Is it possible to make money on the digital ruble as a cryptocurrency?

Нет, цифровой рубль, как мы уже сказали, это такой же рубль, как и наличный. Он не подвержен высокой волатильности, как криптовалюты, такие как, к примеру, Bitcoin.

Therefore, you will not be able to earn on a digital ruble as a separate asset (in the usual sense of earning on cryptocurrency), but you can use it as an accumulation!

Conclusion

Цифровой рубль – это будущая ступень развития платежной системы.

This is a really convenient, innovative, modern and most importantly reliable (safe) solution.

The digital ruble has a huge future that will soon affect all of us!

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Blockchain

Что майнить после перехода Ethereum на POS? Список профитных для майнинга монет. Стоит ли собирать майнинг фермы?

Максим Анисимов — Mon, 05 Sep 2022 12:58:32 +0000

What to mine after switching Ethereum to POS? A list of profitable coins for mining. Is it worth collecting mining farms? Максим Анисимов Tue, 09/06/2022 - 13:45

Contents

On September 15, 2022, Ethereum switched to POS. People have a lot of questions:

Will mining be profitable further?
What to mine? Are there any more profit coins?
Which is better: sell mining farms? Or keep it for yourself?
Is it worth collecting new mining farms?

We will answer these and other questions in this article!

Please note, this article is not financial advice! It's up to you to decide what to mine / buy!

Why can't Ethereum be mined anymore?

Ethereum is one of the most profitable cryptocurrencies for mining on the GPU. Since its creation (July 20, 2015), the cryptocurrency has been working on the Proof-of-Work algorithm, that is, it could be mined on video cards.

Since September 2022, Ethereum has switched to a new algorithm - Proof-of-Stake. This algorithm does not support the usual mining on video cards for everyone.

Now the confirmation of the network will be carried out only with the help of validators. They will carry out work on confirming new transactions using Staking and receive a reward in Ethereum for this.

The current yield for Staking ETH is 4 - 4.5%. To become an Ethereum validator, you must have at least 32 ETH on a deposit contract.

Profit coins for mining after Ethereum leaves for POS

At the time of writing (September 2022), there are many profitable coins for mining on video cards. These are coins such as:

Coin	Algorithm	Miner
Ethereum Classic	Etchash	Phoenixminer
Kaspa (KAS)	kHeavyHash	GMiner
Ravencoin	KawPow	GMiner
Ergo	Autolykos	Lolminer
Neoxa	KawPow	GMiner
Conflux	Octopus	Nanominer
Sero	ProgPow	PhoenixMiner; ProgPOW Miner
Zano	ProgPowZ	T-Rex miner
Aeternity	CuckooCycle	Bminer
Flux	ZelHash	Lolminer
Firo	FiroPow	Nanominer

And many other coins. As you can see, there are a lot of POW coins on the market and they are all trading well:

Therefore, there should be no problems with mining and selling these coins.

The main thing is not to store coins directly on the exchange, use wallets: official, multi-currency, hardware and others. Storing coins on the exchange is very dangerous, since there have been many cases of hacking exchanges in the entire history of cryptocurrencies.

But how profitable are these coins? Will they be able to generate the same income as Ethereum did? We'll talk about this in the next chapter.

How to continue mining after switching ETH to POS (September 15)?

There are several mining scenarios after Ethereum leaves for POS:

On September 15, you can manually switch your mining farms to another coin, for example, to Ethereum Classic, Ravencoin, Ergo or any other coin. To do this, you will need to create in advance .Bat file for the desired coin. The following miners are suitable: Phoenix Miner, Lolminer, GMiner
The second option is to configure the desired coin in advance using the reserve pool (Failover Pools). In Phoenix Miner, you can immediately put Ethereum Classic mining, as soon as ETH mining becomes unavailable, the miner will automatically switch to mining ETC. In Lolminer, you can also use the reserve pool to specify any other coin, for example, FLUX. As soon as ETH becomes unavailable, lolMiner will switch to FLUX mining.

There is nothing complicated in this, just do not forget to set up your rigs in advance in a way that is convenient for you.

We will discuss which coin is better to mine after leaving ETH for POS later in the article.

Mining income after leaving Ethereum for POS. Who will replace Ethereum?

Ethereum has been the leader in GPU mining for the last couple of years! Most often, this coin was the most profitable and helped to quickly recoup the collected mining rig.

But what about now? What coin can replace Ethereum?

As we have already said, there are many profitable coins for mining. From time to time they will compete with each other for the first place.

At the moment, there is no clear leader, but there are top successful, reliable and profitable coins:

Ravencoin
Ergo
Firo, Flux and etc.

Ethereum Classic is a reliable and also profitable coin (which is worth mining for a long time – use a hold), but we did not include it in the top 3, because there is one thing here, which we will talk about later.

Please note that all these places are not stable, and may change frequently (depending on the hype of a particular coin, complexity, and so on).

Why have we singled out Ethereum Classic separately? The thing is that Ethereum Classic is mined not only on video cards, there are still many Asics under this algorithm (the lion's share is with up to 4 GB of memory). The DAG size of the ETC file is 3.063 Gb.

This means that asics with 4 Gb of memory can safely mine ETC. And with the departure of ETH to POS, the complexity of ETC will become even greater (new video cards that left ETH will be transferred), which means that the income from this coin will temporarily decrease.

Etc will overcome the DAG mark of 4 GB only in August 2025, and it is not a fact that even more new Asics with a DAG size above 4 Gb will not appear under this algorithm!

Now let's see how much all these coins bring in mining and how much are they behind Ethereum?

All further calculations will be carried out on 1 video card – Nvidia 3080 LHR.

Ergo

Let's start with the most profitable (at the time of writing) coin – Ergo.

One video card can make a profit:

$2.00 per day (without deduction of the light fee).

At the time of writing, 1 GPU 3080 LHR brings (Ethereum):

$2.13 (without deduction for light).

It turns out that the payback on the Ergo cryptocurrency will be a little bit longer, unlike Ethereum, but this difference is not critical. ERGO also trades well and is represented on 7 exchanges!

Ethereum Classic

Ethereum Classic is the most reliable POW coin after ETH. Unlike other POW coins, it is in the top 20 coins by capitalization, is represented on a huge number of exchanges and has high trading volumes.

And what is important, many believe that ETC (after leaving ETH for POW) will become the new leader in POW mining!

At the time of writing, 1 GPU 3080 LHR brings:

1.13$ (without deduction of the light fee).

Yes, it is less than ERGO, but ETC itself is more reliable and is represented on 80+ exchanges, against 7 exchanges at ERGO.

It's up to you to decide which coin to mine. But do not forget to use the what to mine online calculator to check the profitability of a particular coin!

Ravencoin

This old and quite popular cryptocurrency is represented on 37 exchanges with large trading volumes.

At the time of writing, 1 GPU 3080 LHR brings:

$1.57 (without deduction of the light fee).

These are not bad indicators, considering what is happening on the market right now – "crypto winter".

Neoxa

A new cryptocurrency, the start of trading – 07/19/2022. The coin is traded on only 2 exchanges with a total daily trading volume of $1,319,067.

At the time of writing, 1 GPU 3080 LHR brings:

$2.05 (without deduction of the light fee).

At the moment, this is the most profitable coin for mining, but at the same time the most dangerous. If you have large capacities, then we would not advise you to hold this coin, since it is traded on only 2 exchanges and has relatively small trading volumes, which indicates its unreliability.

At any moment, the coin can be delisted from the exchange, it may turn out to be a scam, or the exchange where it is traded will be hacked at all, and the coin will become useless: there have been many such examples in the history of cryptocurrency

In our opinion, it is possible to mine this coin with small capacities and according to the following principle: sell 80% within 2-5 days, hold 20% for no more than 6 months in anticipation of a small hype and transfer the mined coins into more reliable assets, such as ETH, BTC, ETC.

Mining results after the departure of ETH

As you can see, there are a lot of profitable and reliable coins, and most likely more and more new coins will continue to fill this niche!

It is impossible to single out an absolute winner who will 100% replace ETH right now. At first, you will definitely have to use online calculators in search of a more profitable coin, since the first place will change from time to time.

Of the clear winners now, coins such as:

Ergo
Ravencoin
Flux, Conflux, Firo
Ethereum Classic

Of all the coins presented, the reliability rating will be as follows:

Ethereum Classic
Ravencoin
Ergo
Flux

It's up to you to decide which coin to mine. We will definitely leave part of the mining capacity on ETC and part of the power will be scattered over the remaining profit coins.

Is it worth selling mining farms because of the departure of ETH?

We can't decide for you because there are a lot of key factors here:

Price for electricity
The territorial location of the mining farm relative to your location
Models of your video cards
Video card status
Your attitude to mining

Next, we will reveal all these points in more detail.

Price for electricity

The first and most important point in the matter of selling mining farms is the price of your electricity.

If electricity is expensive in your region, above $ 0.25, then in this case you can think about selling a mining farm, since the rest of the coins (except ETH) are not so stable, and mining, especially in the midst of crypto winter, can be a minus for you!

Otherwise, if you have very cheap or even free electricity, you should not give up mining, since it will bring passive income.

But it's up to you to make the final decision.

Territoriality of mining farms

The second most important point. If you can't switch between cryptocurrencies often to find the most profitable cryptocurrency, then this is a reason to think about selling.

Yes, of course, you can mine one coin at once, for example, ETC or ERGO, but the coin rate may drop significantly, or the complexity may increase dramatically.

And in this case, mining of these coins can become dramatically unprofitable.

Of course, if you mine for a long time and are calmly ready to pay the price for electricity out of your pocket, then this should not interfere with you. However, if you withdraw some of the mined coins to pay electricity bills, this may become a problem for you.

Models of your video cards

If you have outdated models of video cards, such as AMD 470, 480, 570, 580 or Nvidia 1060 (3gb / 6 gb), 1050 T I, 1060, 1070, 1080 and below, then in this case you should think about selling.

Most likely, mining itself will profit you for another year or two, but in the future these cards will become useless.

Example of revenue from 1 AMD 470 graphics card:

They are already quite old in themselves and it makes sense to sell them.

However, if you believe in the hype of cryptocurrencies in the near future, you can wait for it and sell your mining farms much more profitable than selling them now – in the midst of the crypto winter.

Video card status

The state and model of the video card can be partially combined into 1 point. If you have old video cards and they are not in very good condition, then there is definitely a reason to think about selling them.

Even if you have new video cards, and they have not been cared for, they are in constant overheating, dust, then you should also think about resale.

However, if your cards are in perfect condition, the models are not old, then you can mine in plus for a long time!

Your attitude to mining

If you do not believe in the further profitability of mining or for you it has always been passive income, where you assembled a mining farm, put it to mine under Ethereum and did not touch the farm for months / years, then this is a reason to think about selling.

yes, you can also bet on a long-term, for example, ETC, but it is not a fact that it will always be beneficial for your video cards.

Or you can put the ERGO coin, which now occupies the 1st place after the departure of ETH, but it is not a fact that by mining this coin for a long time, it will not collapse in price, it will not lose interest from investors (people to whom you will sell this coin on the exchange) and so on, what was with many coins not from the top 50!

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Mining

Ethereum

Vie Faucet - честный разбор. Как забирать награды раз в 4 минуты?

Максим Анисимов — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 10:30:43 +0000

Vie Faucet – an honest review. How to claim rewards every 4 minutes? Максим Анисимов Mon, 07/13/2026 - 13:55

Table of contents

You will find out whether Vie Faucet pays out or is a scam. We’ll walk through the step-by-step coin withdrawal, test the faucet’s speed, and look at real user reviews.

Vie Faucet lets you regularly open a crypto faucet, view advertisements, receive daily bonuses, complete streaks, participate in quizzes, and earn real cryptocurrency that you can later sell at market peaks.

How much does Vie Faucet bring in?

Daily earnings vary, but on average they amount to 10–15 cents per day. By regularly visiting the site and clicking a few buttons, you can accumulate about $1 per week, i.e., roughly $50 per year. You can invest this amount in cryptocurrency and wait for its growth, which depends on market cycles. At a 10x increase, that becomes $500, and at 20x – $1,000. If you use 5 or 10 such faucets, the annual income from each can reach $500–$1,000 with minimal effort.

To earn more, use all 10 crypto faucets simultaneously, because together they give much more than separately, and without any investment.

What types of tasks are available on Vie Faucet?

Tasks for earning on Vie Faucet are divided into active and passive (bonus) ones.

Table 1 – Active tasks
Task type	Essence and mechanics	Frequency and limits	Reward
Faucet	Solving captcha and selecting digits/words in the correct order.	Every 4 minutes, up to 1,000 claims per day.	65 tokens per claim.
Viewing ads	Viewing websites in a new tab, in an active window, or on YouTube.	Refreshes daily. Hundreds of ads available.	20–168 tokens (depends on viewing time 5–60 seconds).
Short links	Navigating through a chain of advertising pages with timers.	About 160–180 links available daily.	200–400+ tokens per link.
Offerwalls	Surveys, installing mobile games and apps, registering in services.	No limits; tasks are more complex.	The highest income – from 1,000 to 30,000+ tokens.

100,000 internal tokens are always exactly equal to 1 dollar.

Table 2 – bonuses, contests, and passive income
Task type	Essence and mechanics	Frequency and limits	Reward
Daily bonus	Reward for logging into the site. Requires watching 2 ads to activate.	Once every 24 hours. Bonus increases with daily visits.	30–65 tokens + an income boost of up to 3%.
Challenges	Bonuses for reaching goals (e.g., 25 faucet claims or 10 short links).	Renewed daily or as you complete them.	Extra 100–5,000 tokens.
Coupons	Promo codes published in the official Telegram channel.	1–2 times a day. The number of activations is limited.	Usually 200 tokens.
Lottery	Prize drawing among ticket holders.	Tickets are given for logging in; drawing every Sunday.	Prize pool up to 4,000,000 tokens.
Leaderboard	Competition among the most active users (referrals, surveys, links).	Weekly.	Up to 500,000 satoshis (or token equivalent) for 1st place.
Referrals	Inviting new users via your link.	No limit on the number of invited users.	10% of your partners’ earnings.

Now let’s look at each task type and how much it earns.

Faucet

The main feature of Vie Faucet is the ability to open the faucet every 4 minutes, i.e., almost unlimited (the daily limit of 1,000 clicks is more theoretical).

To receive the reward, solve a double captcha. First, enter the displayed digits, then click on the upside-down animal or object.

There is also a built-in sound alert function for when the faucet is ready. The frequency of claims is free. The more often you click, the higher your income.

At the top of the panel, you’ll see the time until the next faucet claim, how many coins you received (65), how much experience toward the level system, and your usage limit.

Viewing ads

Besides the faucet, unlimited PTC ad viewing is available, as well as daily bonuses whose size increases with each day of continuous activity.

At the top, there is a warning to be extremely cautious when viewing third-party sites via PTC or Shortlinks. Never enter your personal data or passwords on unfamiliar pages that you are redirected to by the ad timer.

There are practically no restrictions here, and there are hundreds of ad listings. Click View, a new page opens; after the audio signal, confirm you are not a robot by selecting the upside-down object (animal or plant) or clicking no answer if there is none.

Confirm – and the coins are credited. Close the window and move to the next ad.

Note – to receive the reward, you need to stay in that window.

Offerwall

The Offerwalls section (Offerwalls) is the highest-earning area on the platform, where a single task pays from thousands to millions of tokens. You can realistically earn $1–2 per day. Large gaming offers can bring up to $30–40. Game rewards reach up to 21,000,000 tokens. And for first place in the weekly activity top, you get a bonus of 300,000–500,000 tokens.

What do you need to do here?

Complete paid surveys – the most popular type, up to 28,000 tokens each.
Install games and reach certain levels in them.
Register – create accounts on third-party sites.
Complete social network tasks – subscribe to accounts.

However, some offerwalls only unlock from level 1, which increases through faucet activity and PTC ad views.

It is important to know that rewards for complex tasks (especially downloading apps) may not be credited. Also, offers require time and effort; they are not simple clicks.

Short links

The Shortlinks section (Shortlinks) is a high-paying but labor-intensive method. Earnings here are 4–6 times higher than from the faucet.

You are given 160–180 links per day, which yield more than 41,000 tokens. For one link, you receive 200–400+ tokens. For comparison, the faucet gives only about 65.

The process is more complex than viewing PTC ads:

you need to go through a chain of 4–5 intermediate pages;
on each one – wait for a timer (about 15 seconds);
click Continue or Next buttons, bypassing banners and pop-ups;
and finally – solve a captcha (select the upside-down image), only then are tokens credited.

Short links are the sweet spot between the penny faucet and complex surveys. They allow you to quickly accumulate enough for a minimum withdrawal in one session, provided you are willing to put up with aggressive ads and slow loading times. But there are also problems.

Problems and tips:

Not all links will work in your region – some simply do not open.
You need a stable internet speed (at least 70–80 KB/s), otherwise pages freeze. Chrome is recommended.
Recommended links are from LinksFly, ClicksFly, and ShortsFly – they are more reliable with payouts.
AdBlock must be disabled, so there is plenty of advertising.
Important – do not click on suspicious files.

How to maximize earnings?

To turn the faucet into a source of tangible income, you need to move from passive clicking to a strategy of “stacking” activities. You need to carefully plan the time spent in each section and understand the nuances.

Section	Essence and income	Nuances
Offerwalls	Surveys and games – $1–2/day, up to 28,000 tokens per survey, millions for game offers	Level 1 required to access top tasks
Daily Bonus	+3% to all income for 7 days in a row	First do 2 PTC ads, then claim the bonus
Shortlinks	160–180 links/day, ~41,000 tokens (200–400+ each)	Focus on LinksFly and ShortsFly
Challenges	Bonuses – 2,000 tokens for 80 links, 150 for 50 faucet claims	XP – level up – more access
Leaderboard	Weekly prizes up to 500,000 tokens	Even top-10 gives a solid bonus
Referrals	10% of referral earnings lifetime	10–20 active ones = passive withdrawal
Smart withdrawal	Withdraw in crypto during a dip – you get more coins	When the market rises, the value multiplies

Let’s look at these methods in more detail.

Challenges

Challenges work in the background. While you collect coins from the faucet or watch ads, progress is automatically counted. As soon as you reach a goal, the Claim button becomes active (yellow), and you can collect your bonus.

Completing challenges often awards experience points (XP). Leveling up increases your daily bonus, which can give up to 3% extra on all your earnings on the site.

You immediately receive a large sum of tokens (e.g., 2,000 or 5,000), which is significantly faster than collecting them one click at a time on the faucet.

Skip unavailable links and use the tools that work.

Daily bonus

To get the most out of it, start each day by claiming the daily bonus.

To claim the bonus, you must first watch at least 2 ad listings (PTC) in the current day. Click Claim immediately after the day change, and only then open the faucet and view ads. Otherwise, the percentage bonuses (up to 3% on the seventh day) will not activate.

The system works on the principle of a continuous streak. The bonus includes three components:

Starts at 30 tokens on the first day and gradually increases.
On the first day, it gives 2 XP, which helps raise your account level.
On the first day, the payout is +0.3%, and by the seventh consecutive day of visits it reaches +3%.

If you miss even one day, the progress resets completely – you start from 0 (0.3%).

Using this faucet, we realized it is more profitable to claim the bonus at the very start of work, right after 2 PTC ads. That way, all subsequent actions that day, including lucrative offerwalls, are paid 3% higher.

Coupons and notifications

Coupons are promo codes for instantly receiving free tokens to your balance without watching ads or claiming from the faucet.

Where to find coupons?

The only reliable source of codes is the project’s official Telegram channel.
Coupons are published daily, 1–3 times a day.

What are the rewards and limits?

Most often, entering a coupon gives 200 tokens (sometimes 500 to 700).
Each coupon has a limited number of uses – from 2,000 to 4,000 first users.
Due to the large user base, the limit is often exhausted within an hour of publication.

How to activate a coupon?

Go to the Coupon section in the side menu of the site.
Copy the current code from Telegram and paste it into the Coupon Code field.
Solve the captcha by selecting the upside-down image.
Click the Claim button for instant token credit.

Coupons help you quickly accumulate tokens for the minimum withdrawal (from 500 tokens). The message Invalid Coupon means the activation limit has expired or the captcha was solved incorrectly.

Lottery

Participate in the lottery – each daily login gives one ticket, draws take place on Sundays at midnight, and the prize pool is 4 million coins.

How to get tickets?

Tickets are given for free simply by logging into your account every day.
For each daily login, the system awards 1 lottery ticket.
You do not need to explicitly participate in the drawing or press extra buttons. The tickets you receive are automatically entered into the draw.

Each winner receives 1,000 tokens credited to their balance.

What are the chances and statuses?

With a total of about 156,000–200,000 tickets, the chance of winning for one ticket is approximately 1–2%. If you log in every day and collect 7 tickets per week, your chances of winning at least one prize increase noticeably (up to ~12–14%).
Think of the lottery as a nice passive bonus. The main thing is to visit the site daily so that by the end of the week you have the maximum number of chances (7 tickets) to receive an additional 1,000 tokens.

Leaderboards

Leaderboard is a weekly competition system for the most active users. Winning gives large bonuses – up to 500,000 satoshis or hundreds of thousands of tokens in a single payment.

What is the prize pool and rewards?

Prizes are distributed among the top-10 users in each category weekly.

For first place, you can get about 300,000 tokens, for second – 250,000.
Rewards can be $10 for 1st place and $8 for 2nd place.
Winners receive from 100,000 to 10,000 tokens depending on their position in the top ten.

If you actively work in one of the sections (e.g., complete all 180 short links per day), you automatically become a contender for the leaderboard bonus. That is a second salary on the site for the same activity.

Referral program

Invite friends through the referral program. For active referrals, you will receive additional tokens. If your partner earns, for example, 100 tokens, the system will give you 10 tokens as a bonus, without taking them away from the user.

It is important to note that the rules strictly prohibit creating multiple accounts (registering yourself via your own link). This will result in immediate and permanent account suspension.

How to withdraw funds?

Let’s check whether Vie Faucet actually pays out.

Step 1 – Preparation and checking limits

Make sure your balance has accumulated at least 500 tokens – this is the minimum withdrawal threshold. Remember that 100,000 tokens equal $1. It is also critically important to activate your account via the email sent after registration; otherwise, withdrawals will be blocked.

In the main menu on the dashboard, select the Withdraw tab.

Step 2 – Choosing the payment method and cryptocurrency

Choose a suitable wallet from 3 options:

For instant receipt of funds with no fees, you can use FaucetPay. It is specifically designed for microtransactions.
C-Wallet – suitable for withdrawing memecoins.
Withdrawing to your personal crypto wallet or exchange wallet incurs a fee, and the wait can be up to 48 hours.

Select the coin you want to receive (BTC, SOL, LTC, TRX, SHIB, PEPE, etc.). Based on experience, it is better to withdraw tokens in the currency that is currently most undervalued in the market, to profit from its future rise.

Step 3 – Entering details and amount

In the Wallet/Address field, enter the Email associated with your FaucetPay or C-Wallet account. It is important that this is not the email from the faucet itself, but rather your FaucetPay account!

If you are using a direct transfer, paste the specific coin address. Specify the number of tokens to deduct.

Step 4 – Solving the captcha

Solve the standard check – select from the proposed images the one that is upside down. If there are no upside-down images, click No Answer.

Step 5 – Confirming the operation

Click Withdraw. If successful, a green notification appears, and the funds are instantly (when choosing micro-wallets) reflected in your external balance.

We withdrew to FaucetPay because we didn’t have many coins. The funds arrived within 24 hours.

Personal account and settings

In the personal account (the Dashboard section), the top displays the balance in internal currency, which can later be exchanged for real cryptocurrency. The balance in the cabinet can be shown in any convenient currency – USDT, BTC, LTC.

In the personal account, you will also see your daily earnings statistics. On the right, you will see your current level and how much experience is left for the next one.

You used the faucet, completed tasks, and withdrew funds. But is everything really that good? Let’s objectively evaluate the disadvantages.

What are the drawbacks and risks?

Vie Faucet is not suitable for serious earnings. Without a referral network, you will get about $1 per week with moderate activity. To achieve that, you need to accumulate 100,000 tokens. A tangible income of $15–20 per month is only possible with a large and active team that builds a referral network. Without a community, easy earnings remain a myth.

The most profitable section is offerwalls, but it often glitches. App installation tasks may not be credited, and you will waste time. Many links and offers do not open in certain regions, for example in Russia.

Platform rules are strict. Creating more than one account on the same device or IP is punishable by a lifetime ban.

Withdrawals are another headache. In some countries, direct transfer to bank cards is impossible. You have to go through the chain: Vie Faucet -> C-Wallet -> exchange -> P2P exchange. This multiplies fees. Even direct withdrawal to personal wallets incurs a fee and takes up to 48 hours.

Sometimes the withdrawal pools for cryptocurrencies like PEPE or Shiba Inu become empty. Then you have to wait for a top-up or choose another coin for withdrawal.

Working with short links quickly becomes tiring. It is a routine with lots of clicks and timers. For stable loading of heavy ad pages, you need an internet speed of at least 70–80 KB/s. With a slow connection, pages freeze.

Finally, the site requires you to disable AdBlock. Without an ad blocker, you get an avalanche of banners and pop-ups. The ads lead to dubious resources, so never enter personal data or passwords on pages opened via PTC or links.

On Trustpilot, the faucet has a rating of 4.8. Reviews are mostly positive.

Final thoughts

Although there are always many tasks here, if you limit yourself to just one faucet, the income will be modest. Work on multiple faucets, rather than focusing on just one.

In any case, crypto faucets are more of a way to have fun, similar to online games or surfing the internet. You definitely shouldn’t view them as a source of real income. However, for beginners, this is a great start in crypto. You can learn for free how wallets, transactions, and blockchain networks work, without risking your own money.

In the end, remember the analogy with ordinary water – if you place a deep bowl under a dripping kitchen faucet, sooner or later it will fill up. This crypto faucet is very popular because there are always many ad tasks, various monetization options, and, most importantly, it pays out reliably.

Your editor – Maksim Anisimov for bytwork.com.

Disclaimer: All information provided in this article is not to be construed as financial advice. The article has been created for educational purposes only. Never invest more than you can afford to lose, and seek guidance solely from your personal financial advisor.

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100 часов лекций по ICT трейдингу за 15 минут: пошаговый разбор

Павел Грачев — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 10:32:02 +0000

100 hours of ICT trading lectures in 15 minutes: a step-by-step breakdown Павел Грачев Sat, 07/11/2026 - 16:07

Contents

You will learn the secrets of ICT strategy authors who elevate trading to the level of professional funds. We will break down strict criteria for zone validity, impulse logic, and entry rules on live charts. This guide will package the scattered knowledge from 100 lectures into a ready-to-use strategy for steady growth of your deposit.

This material is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice.

What is the ICT Concept?

ICT (Inner Circle Trader) is a methodology of technical analysis based on identifying algorithmic pricing models, aimed at detecting "smart money" manipulations, liquidity zones, and imbalances.

Simply put, we uncover manipulations by large funds that sweep your stop-losses and drive the markets.

For easier understanding of ICT, we have distilled it into 6 concepts:

1. Liquidity is the goal. It answers the question – where will the price go?
2. Displacement is the impulse. It shows the strength of the big player who pushed the price toward that liquidity.
3, 4, 5. – FVG, Order Blocks, Breaker Blocks – are the traces. Zones left behind by displacement, from which we look for entry.
6. Market Structure Shift (MSS) is the trigger. Confirmation on a lower timeframe that it is time to open a position.

The methodology is not a guarantee of profit. However, it provides a statistical edge with proper risk management.

1. Liquidity

Let us start with the first concept – liquidity. Without understanding it, a trader becomes a source of liquidity for market makers, who use algorithms to hunt for it. They know well how retail traders behave.

When you buy at a support level, you place your stop-loss just below that level to protect your position. This is shown in the example below.

Market makers are fully aware of this, and their systems are designed to sweep these stop-losses and create liquidity.

Such clusters of orders are tied to Pivot Points, and liquidation heatmaps help effectively assess the global distribution of large-capital positions.

Similarly, when you sell at a resistance level, the market may break through that resistance, hit your stop-loss, and then move in the direction you originally anticipated.

Why does this happen? Because liquidity drives the market – it is the reason for price movement.

There are two types of liquidity:

buy-side liquidity
and sell-side liquidity.

Buy-side Liquidity

According to ICT, buy-side liquidity is the volume of pending orders, known as sellers' stop-losses. When opening short positions, traders place them above previous daily or weekly highs for protection.

Stop clusters often form at the boundaries of dynamic trend lines, attracting retail breakout traders.

Market makers deliberately drive price to these levels. There, sellers' stop-losses turn into market buy orders, allowing the big player to offload their shorts and trigger a bearish impulse in the opposite direction.

As shown in the example, equal highs act as buy-side liquidity. Market makers sweep these old peaks, collect sellers' stops, and reverse the market downward. This is a classic example of a buy-side liquidity hunt.

Sell-side Liquidity

Sell-side liquidity is the cluster of protective stops from buyers. Traders place them below historical, weekly, or daily lows to protect their long positions.

Market makers intentionally push price toward these zones, activating stops and turning them into market orders. After gathering liquidity, price often reverses, and market makers profit from retail traders.

Learn how to find liquidity zones to protect your deposit in our guide.

Examples of Liquidity Hunts

In this example, the market was rising under buyers' control. At resistance, sellers place stops above the level, while breakout traders place pending buy orders on a breakout. Market makers first sweep sellers' stops by breaking resistance, then reverse the market downward. The big player conducted a classic liquidity hunt, collecting protective orders from both sides before the true move began.

In another example, the market was moving down under sellers' control. When price reached a key support level, many traders expected a bounce and entered long positions, placing stops just below support. At the same time, some breakout traders anticipated a breakdown and continuation lower, placing sell orders below the level with stops above.

Market makers saw liquidity on both sides. Price first broke support, activating long stops and sell orders from breakout traders. But instead of continuing lower, the market reversed and moved up, hitting the stops of breakout traders.

This is an example of a sell-side liquidity hunt, where the market takes liquidity below support and then sharply reverses upward.

Next in the ICT concepts comes the impulse.

2. Impulse (Displacement)

Impulse in ICT is a sharp and strong price movement caused by large institutional orders. It indicates "smart money" activity and helps traders understand the direction of their orders.

Impulse can be bearish or bullish.

Bullish Impulse

A bullish impulse is a strong upward move by large players.

Its characteristics:

3 consecutive bullish candles.
Large bodies and minimal wicks.
Smooth rise without pullbacks.
Presence of FVG (imbalance) as confirmation.

This move proves that institutions are aggressively buying the market.

To understand pricing across different timeframes, it is helpful to recall the basics of Japanese candlesticks and reversal patterns that form the foundation of price action.

Bearish Impulse

A bearish impulse is a strong downward move, indicating active selling. To recognize it, look for at least 3 consecutive bearish candles with large bodies and minimal wicks. Price should fall with strong momentum and limited pullbacks.

Confirmation comes from an FVG between candles, showing that the market dropped rapidly due to institutional selling. This move demonstrates that institutions are pushing the market down.

Let us look at real examples on charts to understand how to identify bullish and bearish impulses.

Examples of Impulses

First, consider a bullish impulse that occurs after sell-side liquidity is taken. On the chart, the market fell to an important support level. Sellers expected a breakdown, while buyers placed stops below support. The market briefly broke the level, taking out buyers' stops and activating short sellers' orders on the breakout. With this move, the big player collected all sell-side liquidity below the level.

However, instead of falling, the market sharply reversed upward – this is the bullish impulse. To spot it, look for at least 3 bullish candles in a row with large bodies and minimal pullbacks. Between them, an FVG (price imbalance) may form, created by the "smart money" entry.

This FVG confirms "smart money" involvement. The bullish impulse clearly shows how the big player collected sell-side liquidity to reverse the market, trapping the crowd in short positions and profiting from their stops.

Another example – a bearish impulse that appears after buy-side liquidity is taken. In this case, the market rose to a key resistance. Buyers expected a breakout higher, while sellers opened shorts with stops above resistance. The market briefly broke above resistance, taking out sellers' stops and activating breakout buyers' orders.

Thus, buy-side liquidity above resistance was collected. However, instead of rising, the price sharply reversed, closed below the level, and aggressively moved lower. This reversal is a bearish impulse. To find it, look for 3 bearish candles in a row with large bodies and minimal pullbacks. An imbalance may appear between them, confirming the "smart money" entry.

This impulse vividly demonstrates how market makers collected sellers' stops, lured the crowd into longs, and pushed the price down.

Why is impulse important?

It shows when "smart money" enters the market with large volume and signals the direction of the institutional trend. Understanding impulse is the foundation for combining it with order blocks, breaker blocks, and FVG to find high-probability setups.

Below we will break down these concepts in detail for precise trade entries. By the end of this guide, you will be able to apply ICT professionally.

3. Imbalance (Fair Value Gap, FVG)

The next important concept is Fair Value Gap (FVG), also called imbalance or inefficiency. This is a key notion in "smart money" trading that works on forex, stocks, crypto, and commodities.

FVG is defined by a three-candle formation:

The middle candle – large, with a wide body, creating a strong impulse.
The first and third candles – shorter, their wicks do not overlap each other.

The gap between the wick of the first candle and the wick of the third candle is the FVG. It indicates that the market moved too fast for balanced trading.

This is an inefficiency zone, confirming institutional intervention.

Characteristics of Bullish and Bearish FVG

Bullish FVG forms in a rising market. The middle candle is a strong bullish one, and the gap appears between the high of the first candle and the low of the third. In a bullish trend, this imbalance acts as support. Price tends to fill the gap before continuing higher.

Assessing such strong bars is more accurate when using Heikin Ashi charts.

Bearish FVG occurs in a falling market. The middle candle is a large bearish one, and the gap lies between the low of the first candle and the high of the third. In a bearish trend, it acts as resistance. Price often returns to fill the gap before further decline.

Steps for Trading FVG

Let us go through simple steps for trading ICT FVG, with the first step being trend identification.

Step 1 – Identify the current trend.

Bullish – the market forms higher highs and higher lows (HH/HL).
Bearish – lower highs and lower lows (LH/LL).

Step 2 – Find a candle with a large body and small wicks in the direction of the trend (bullish for bullish, bearish for bearish).

Step 3 – Check for a valid FVG around that candle:

The bodies of the preceding and following candles must not overlap the body of the middle candle.
There must be a gap between the wicks of the outer candles.
For bullish FVG – high of first candle > low of third.
For bearish FVG – low of first candle < high of third.

Step 4 – Increase signal reliability – make sure the found FVG coincides with a significant level.

In a bullish trend – with former resistance that has become support.
In a bearish trend – with former support that has become resistance.

Step 5 – Wait for price to pull back to the FVG zone.

Step 6 – Enter the trade:

On lower timeframes – look for additional confirmation (bounce, structure shift, pin bar).
On higher timeframes (e.g., daily) – you can enter directly upon touching the FVG, without extra confirmation.

Left – entry from support (Open P&L - -0.00005). Right – price rise confirmed the correct entry (Open P&L - 0.02027).

After a pin bar forms from the FVG, price reverses upward (for bullish) or downward (for bearish) – that is the signal to open a position in the trend direction.

The next important concept is order blocks.

4. Order Blocks

Order blocks are zones on the chart where "smart money" placed large orders. They represent strong supply and demand levels that the market previously rejected sharply.

When price returns to an order block, there is a high probability of a repeat reaction. This provides an excellent opportunity for trade entry.

However, not every demand or supply zone is a true order block. Understanding this distinction is critical to avoid mistakes.

But what defines a valid order block?

Criteria for a Valid Order Block

An order block shows where "smart money" entered the market. For a zone to be reliable, it must meet 3 criteria:

Inefficiency (FVG). Price must exit the zone with a sharp impulse, leaving an imbalance behind. This proves the strength of institutional orders. The market will return to rebalance.
Liquidity sweep. Before the impulse, the big player must have collected crowd stops (below support for longs, above resistance for shorts) to fill their position. The candle that swept that liquidity becomes the order block.
Break of structure (BOS / MSS) – this is the most important condition. The impulse from the order block must break a key high (in a bullish market) or low (in a bearish market). This structural break confirms the market maker's true intentions.

Let us look at a real example of a bullish order block formation.

Example of a Bullish Order Block

In the chart below, the market was trending downward, forming lower highs and lower lows (bearish trend). But at a key support, a sharp reversal occurred. This is the foundation for our bullish order block.

Step 1 – Identify the structure break.

Price reached a significant low, sharply reversed, and broke the previous lower high, forming a higher high. This signals "smart money" intervention and a trend change to bullish.

Step 2 – Find the start of the move (order block).

Go back to the beginning of the bullish impulse – this is the zone where "smart money" accumulated long positions. Typically, this is a strong bullish candle at the bottom of the downtrend, just before the reversal.

Step 3 – Check for price imbalance (FVG).

After the strong upward move, there should be a clear FVG. This confirms that aggressive institutional buying left unfilled orders, to which the market may return.

Step 4 – Wait for price to return to the order block.

After the initial thrust, the market pulls back and tests the demand zone in the order block. Wait for this moment for a potential entry.

Step 5 – Look for confirmation and enter.

When testing the order block, look for signals – rejection wicks, structure shift, or bullish candlestick patterns. If the order block holds as support and price starts rising, enter long.

To highlight the bullish order block zone, use the body of the last bearish candle before the impulse (from open to close).

Example of a Bearish Order Block

Now an example of a bearish order block. It works similarly but in the opposite direction. In a bullish trend, the market rose, but at strong resistance it reversed and fell.

Step-by-step algorithm for working with this zone:

Identify the break of structure (BOS / MSS). Price must break the previous rising low. This confirms a change to a bearish trend and the strength of large sellers.
Find the start of the move (Order Block). Highlight the last bullish candle at the very peak just before the sharp drop. This is the institutional selling zone.
Check for imbalance. Ensure the downward impulse left a clear FVG behind. This proves "smart money" aggression.
Wait for price to return. After the drop, the market will correct upward to test the identified bearish order block.
Look for confirmation and enter. Upon touching the zone, wait for a market reaction (long upper wicks, patterns, or local structure break on lower timeframe) and open a short trade.

Once price returns to the order block and reacts to it, the zone is considered mitigated. Subsequent touches often have less strength because the big player's orders have ALREADY been filled.

The next concept is the breaker block.

5. Breaker Blocks

A breaker block occurs when a previous order block fails after a liquidity sweep or a market structure shift.

Despite the high effectiveness of ICT concepts, no strategy offers 100% guarantees. Traders using ICT may buy at bullish order blocks and place stops below the low of that block, or sell at bearish order blocks with stops above the high.

However, market makers often exploit these positions by sweeping stop-losses and reversing the market in the opposite direction. This turns the broken order block into a breaker block.

Bullish Breaker Block

A bullish breaker block occurs when a bearish order block fails. When price closes above its high (after a liquidity sweep and structure break), the former resistance turns into support.

Criteria for a valid bullish breaker block:

Presence of a clear bearish order block.
Evidence of a liquidity sweep and subsequent structure break.
A confident close above the high of that block.

Although all candles before the peak that swept liquidity can be considered part of the breaker, the last bullish candle is the most important.

Bearish Breaker Block

A bearish breaker block is a failed bullish order block. When price closes below the low of a bullish order block, that previously bullish block becomes resistance – a bearish breaker block.

To confirm a valid bearish breaker block, check for: a valid bullish order block, price closing below its low, a liquidity sweep, and a structure shift.

Let us consider a trading strategy on a bullish breaker block.

Bullish Breaker Block Trading Strategy

It is preferable to trade with the trend, as the trend is your friend. Step-by-step algorithm:

Trap formation. In a rising market, price temporarily falls, creating a bearish order block and attracting sellers.
Break of the zone. Instead of falling, the market sharply reverses, sweeps the stops of those sellers, and closes above the high of the bearish order block. The broken zone becomes a bullish breaker.
Pullback and test. Wait for price to return to the breaker block to test the new support zone.
Look for confirmation. On lower timeframes, look for a reaction (bounce or local structure break). If you trade on the daily chart, you can enter directly without lower timeframes – the higher timeframe itself is reliable.
Entry and stop-loss. Open a buy, and place your stop-loss 10–20 pips below the low of the breaker block to protect against a deep test.

A breaker block is considered high-probability if the impulse that broke it left a price imbalance behind. Such a combination in the ICT methodology is called the Unicorn pattern.

Bearish Breaker Block Strategy

Look for bearish breaker blocks strictly in a bearish trend. Step-by-step algorithm:

Trap formation. In a falling market, price temporarily rises, creating a bullish order block and attracting buyers.
Break of the zone. Instead of rising, the market sharply reverses, sweeps buyers' stops, and closes below the low of the bullish order block. The broken zone becomes a bearish breaker.
Pullback and test. Wait for price to return upward to the breaker block to test the new resistance zone.
Look for confirmation. On lower timeframes, look for a reaction (bounce or local structure break). When trading on the daily chart, you can enter directly without lower periods.
Entry and stop-loss. Open a sell, and place your stop-loss 10–20 pips above the high of the breaker block to protect against a deep test.

The logic behind the entry is that market makers who bought in this zone for manipulation are now "underwater" and will close their buys at break-even when price returns, pushing it lower.

Moving on to the sixth ICT concept – MSS.

6. Market Structure Shift

A Market Structure Shift (MSS) in the ICT concept means a trend break. Usually, price moves structurally, updating highs in a bullish market and lows in a bearish one. Violation of this pattern and a change in the direction of market movement lead to an MSS.

Structure shifts are vital – they mark points where "smart money" reverses the trend, trapping the crowd. Early recognition of the break helps the trader enter in the direction of the institutional move.

Bullish MSS

A bullish MSS (structure break) occurs when transitioning from a bearish to a bullish trend. In a falling market, price forms lower highs and lower lows. A bullish break occurs when price moves up with strong impulse and breaks the last key high (the one that made the previous low).

Breaking that peak signals the end of the bearish trend and a reversal upward.

Bearish MSS

A bearish MSS (structure break) occurs when transitioning from a bullish to a bearish trend. In a rising market, price forms higher highs and higher lows. A bearish break occurs when price moves down with strong impulse and breaks the last key low (the one that made the previous high).

Breaking that low signals the end of the bullish trend and a reversal downward.

Structure shifts often occur at the end of impulses or corrections. To more precisely determine the nature of MSS and the current phase of the market cycle, Elliott Wave Theory can be helpful.

Trading a Bullish MSS

Now, how to trade a bullish MSS in ICT. When the market shifts from bearish to bullish, the goal is to catch the reversal, using impulse, FVG, and order blocks to optimise entry.

Step-by-step process for trading a bullish MSS:

Identify the shift – when price breaks the previous lower high with displacement, the structure has turned bullish.
Wait for a retest – when the market pulls back to the order block, look for confirmation that price respects these levels.
Enter long – upon confirmation, open a long position. Place your stop-loss 10–20 pips below the order block zone, with a 1:2 risk-to-reward target.

For MSS, it is critical that the candle closes with its body above the structural high. A mere wick touch is not enough – that could be a false signal.

Trading a Bearish MSS

For a bearish MSS, when the market shifts from bullish to bearish, the goal is to capitalise on the downtrend.

Step-by-step:

Identify the shift – when price breaks the previous higher low with impulse, the structure has become bearish.
Mark key zones – find FVG, order blocks, or breaker blocks that could become retest areas before further decline. In the example, a breaker block is found that serves as a potential retest zone, confirming the likelihood of continued bearish trend.
Wait for a retest – let price pull back up to the breaker block and look for signs of rejection or confirmation that these areas act as resistance.
Enter short – upon confirmation, open a short position. Place your stop-loss 10–20 pips above the breaker block, with a 1:2 risk-to-reward target.

An additional filter for assessing the strength of a pullback during zone retests is moving averages, which help confirm the medium-term slope of the dynamic trend.

Candle bodies convey the real story of market intentions, while wicks often inflict damage on retail traders. Always wait for the candle to close on your working timeframe for final confirmation of a bearish MSS.

What ICT Strategies Exist?

There are many ICT strategies and entry models based on liquidity.

Do not try to use all strategies at once. From experience, it is better to choose 1–3 concepts that you understand and practise them until they become second nature.

ICT Strategies:

Silver Bullet – combination of market structure shift, liquidity sweep, and FVG. Entry after price breaks the daily high/low, returns inside, and forms a confirming structure shift.
Cambrian Model – look for liquidity attraction on the hourly chart, then on the 5-minute chart – stop-run and entry via FVG on lower timeframes.
Inversion FVG – if price violates a formed FVG, it signals continuation in the direction of the violation. Entry on a pullback to the zone.
Turtle Soup – entry after price sweeps liquidity above a recent high while an FVG exists in the opposite direction. Used to catch reversals after false breakouts. Essentially, this strategy is the best way to profit from those who blindly trade classic Double Tops or Double Bottoms, expecting a reversal where market makers instead collect liquidity.
Candle Range Theory – each candle sets liquidity levels. The second candle makes the sweep, the third gives the entry. Traded after price returns inside the candle's range.
Optimal Trade Entry – entry at Fibonacci 0.618–0.786 retracement of a swing move for better risk/reward and avoiding early stops.
Change in Character of Delivery – pattern of a sharp change in impulse. Entry after price returns to the overlap zone of FVG and inversion FVG.
Power of 3 – 3 phases – accumulation, manipulation, distribution. Entry after confirmation of a false break on a lower timeframe.

Before choosing a strategy, understand which trading style suits you:

Determine your trading style.
Pick 2–3 ICT concepts to avoid analysis paralysis.

Collect statistics:

Backtest the model on historical data over the last few months.
Keep a journal and record numbers and your emotions.
Identify the best conditions and times for trading.

Also important is risk management. The strategy must withstand 8–10 consecutive losses. Reduce your risk per trade to avoid disaster.

What Are the Drawbacks and Risks?

Every system has flaws, including ICT. For example, many patterns (like MSS structure breaks) can be fake liquidity sweeps rather than real trend reversals. In turn, a risk of 5-10% per trade during a series of 8 losses (which is entirely possible) leads to a loss of 30% to 52% of the entire deposit. And that is psychologically devastating for a trader.

Other risks and how to deal with them are summarised in the table below:

Category	Risks (Cons)	Consequences and Solutions
1. Psychology	Noise, ego-trading, Dunning-Kruger effect.	Analysis paralysis, overleveraging. Solution: simplify your strategy, control emotions.
2. Technical	Search for the perfect entry, slippage, fake signals.	Missed profit, stops during news. Solution: flexible orders, news filter.
3. Market	Absence of 100% setups, manipulations.	Phases where TA is useless, losing streaks. Solution: adaptability, probabilistic thinking.
4. Money management	Excessive risk (5-10%), strict prop-firm rules.	Account blow-up, demoralisation. Solution: risk 0.5–1% per trade, realism.
5. Theory criticism	Subjectivity (FVG in hindsight), rebranded Wyckoff.	Illusion of a "holy grail", blind faith in IPDA algorithm. Solution: critical thinking, backtesting.

Many believe that ICT concepts are simply old technical analysis in a fashionable wrapper. The author took ideas from 100 years ago and rebranded them for modern traders.

How does it look in the old paradigm?

Smart Money – classic Richard Wyckoff method (the big player).
Order Block – ordinary support and resistance levels.
FVG (Imbalance) – standard price gap.
OTE (Optimal Trade Entry) – Fibonacci retracement levels.

One could say that marketers simply changed the labels to sell classic concepts as a secret Holy Grail?

However, an Order Block is a one-time zone. It loses strength after the first retest and price reaction. Unlike repeatedly tested levels, it is formed from a single aggressive impulse. Also, an order block is drawn as a wide zone from low to high of the source candle, not as a thin line. So there is indeed a difference from classic TA.

And here is a practical example. A classic liquidity hunt is seen in the case of tokenised gold, where price precisely broke the high to sweep stop-losses, then instantly reversed and moved 200 pips in the opposite direction.

Q&A

Why is a system of 5 concepts considered incomplete?

Despite strong elements (structure, liquidity, time, impulse, order blocks), it lacks a strict entry criterion on pullbacks. Without clear rules on pullback depth and volume, a trader risks entering a false move.

Are Fair Value Gaps ineffective?

Backtesting 500 trades on classic FVG showed a win rate of 15%. Price is not obliged to return to these zones; most are random noise, not reflections of real market imbalances.

What are footprint charts and why are they better than FVG?

Footprint charts show real volumes, aggressive buyers and sellers at each level, and absorption zones. These are objective data, not arbitrary gaps between three candles.

How to distinguish a real breakout from a liquidity hunt?

A breakout above a high or below a low is often a deliberate stop sweep, followed by a reversal. This is confirmed by a sharp return and a long wick – the classic liquidity above/below pattern.

Conclusion

ICT is a working but complex concept, which, if not simplified and customised to your own style, may only generate losses. Therefore, before using any trading strategy on a live account, be sure to backtest it on at least 100 trades over a period of at least one year.

Through experience, we have found 5 mandatory entry filters:

Liquidity is swept at previous highs/lows.
A Fair Value Gap (FVG) is recorded after the liquidity grab.
A structure shift has occurred (new extreme against the trend).
Price has returned to the 61.8% – 78.6% zone of the impulse according to Fibonacci.
Key US news release times and 4-hour or daily candle close/open times are taken into account.

To filter out garbage, noisy price gaps, we switch TradingView from RTH to ETH. The regular session (RTH) creates false gaps that confuse trading algorithms. Without market context, all FVG trades have a win rate akin to a coin toss or a horoscope.

From experience, FVG becomes "golden" and more significant if it coincides with Fibonacci levels of 50% or 61.8% of the impulse move. The Optimal Trade Entry (OTE) zone is strictly tied to two Fibonacci levels – 0.62 and 0.79. The midpoint of the zone is 0.75.

So, does ICT trading work or not? In a general sense, yes. Because price inevitably moves either toward liquidity (stop-loss zones beyond old highs and lows) or toward price imbalances (FVG) to rebalance them. However, even the best strategy is useless without iron discipline.

Postscript: we have been trading since 2018 and have tested hundreds of strategies and indicators. Choose your trading system in the trading section! Your editor – Pavel Grachev for bytwork.com.

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Взлом Биткоин кошельков или как кривые ключи лишают людей миллионов

Максим Анисимов — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 19:33:27 +0000

Hacking Bitcoin wallets, or how flawed keys cost people millions

Максим Анисимов Tue, 07/07/2026 - 23:30

The company Coinspect has discovered a critical vulnerability in seed phrase generation across a number of crypto wallets. The issue primarily affects hot (software) wallets that use a PRNG (pseudo-random number generator) instead of a hardware-based TRNG or a cryptographically secure CSPRNG. This narrows the key space, making brute-force attacks technically feasible.

4 billion combinations for seed phrase brute-forcing

The critical flaw lies not in the phrase length (12 or 24 words), but in the generation method. Generation based on PRNG narrows the possible seed phrase space down to roughly 4 billion combinations. This makes brute-forcing technically viable, unlike hardware-based methods using TRNG/CSPRNG, where the number of combinations runs into numbers with hundreds of zeros.

Recall a specific historical precedent: the Trust Wallet browser extension in 2023, where the same generation flaw left wallets vulnerable until the fix was released.

Which types of crypto wallets are at risk?

All popular hot wallets (MetaMask, Coinbase Wallet, Phantom) are highly unlikely to be affected by this vulnerability. Cold wallets (Ledger, Trezor, Tangem) use TRNG or cryptographically secure PRNG (CSPRNG), which renders them immune to this attack.

At risk are:

Little-known mobile Web3 wallets.
Outdated browser extensions that have not undergone security audits.

How to check your wallet?

Coinspect has released a tool where you can enter your wallet's public address (not the seed phrase!).

Verification process:

Go to illbloom.org.
Copy your wallet's public address (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, or TRON).
Paste it into the single input field on the homepage.
Click the check button so the system can match your address against the database of vulnerable wallets.

Remember, the service never asks for your seed phrase, private keys, or transaction approvals.

The tool shows whether there is suspicion of a weak phrase, but does not offer 100% certainty. The database is still being expanded.

If your address falls into the risk zone, you must immediately create a new wallet with strong entropy and transfer all digital assets to it.

What are the limitations of the Coinspect check?

The tool released by Coinspect does not provide absolute guarantee. If your address is not found in the current database (EVM data set), that does not mean the seed phrase is safe. Absence from the dataset merely indicates that the vulnerability has not yet been identified for that specific address, but it does not rule out the risk.

What role does AI play in exploiting vulnerabilities?

Vulnerabilities that have existed for years become critical threats due to the use of AI. Artificial intelligence dramatically increases the speed of scanning and brute-forcing weakened combinations. This is what turns a theoretical possibility of compromise into a practical attack vector targeting old architectural flaws in generation.

Is there a priority for 24 words over 12?

Although seed phrase length is not a cure-all when generation is poor, when choosing between the standard options, preference naturally goes to the 24-word phrase. It provides significantly greater randomness (entropy) compared to the 12-word phrase. All combinations are generated from the standard BIP39 word list.

How many wallets have been affected?

This security hole has existed for an indecently long time. Hackers have been quietly draining wallets created from September 2018 through July 2026. A full 8 years. The scale of the disaster is impressive, though analysts have so far only revealed the tip of the iceberg.

In the first leaked report, dryly titled Set 1, experts counted 2,114 addresses. The main blow fell on Bitcoin. From BTC wallets, attackers have already drained more than $2.5 million. In total, no less than $5.14 million has been stolen.

Attackers are also actively cleaning out the pockets of users on Ethereum, Solana, and TRON. Polygon and Rootstock also made the list.

As a reminder, in our wallet reviews we honestly cover and examine all their vulnerabilities. We even take hardware wallets apart, like the Ledger Nano Gen5, to see what is inside.

Burner wallets and revoking permissions for protection

The point of a burner wallet is that it is only used for micro-transactions and temporarily. After your desired transactions, you withdraw funds from that burner wallet to a secure cold wallet.

When choosing a wallet, it is also important to consider hidden risks. For instance, the Dcent wallet raises doubts due to its closed source code, while Exodus is only suitable as a burner wallet due to its hot storage model. For security with Tangem, it is critical to activate mandatory card scanning for transactions; otherwise, the device reverts to an insecure hot mode.

If you use DeFi protocols, you are at risk when you grant permissions to protocols from your wallet.

To protect against risks from interacting with external sites, it is recommended to use the Revoke.cash service for revoking smart contract approvals and to use burner wallets. These temporary hot addresses with minimal balances are used for DeFi and airdrops, after which assets are immediately transferred to cold storage.

Q&A

Why is seed phrase generation weak on some wallets?
Weak seed phrases are generated using a PRNG (pseudo-random number generator), which relies solely on mathematical algorithms. This narrows the possible combination space down to ~4 billion, making brute-forcing feasible for scammers. Secure methods (TRNG/CSPRNG) use external physical noise (e.g., light, thermal energy) to provide true unpredictability.

If the Coinspect tool shows that my address is not in the database, can I consider my wallet fully protected?
No. A message saying address not found in the current dataset does not guarantee the security of your seed phrase. The research is still ongoing, and new vulnerable addresses continue to be discovered. This is only an interim check, not a final verdict.

Does seed phrase length (12 or 24 words) affect this vulnerability?
Not directly. The vulnerability depends on the generation method (PRNG vs. TRNG), not on the number of words. However, with proper generation, a 24-word phrase provides significantly greater entropy and is considered a more secure choice than a 12-word phrase.

Why has this old problem become dangerous only now?
Because of AI. Scammers are using artificial intelligence to dramatically accelerate scanning and brute-forcing processes. This allows them to efficiently find and exploit architectural flaws in key generation that have existed for years but were previously too labor-intensive to crack.

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bytwork.com - Mining, blockchain and cryptocurrencies

Фибоначчи в криптовалюте: Полный гайд по применению уровней для BTC и альткоинов

What is Fibonacci?

How Does Fibonacci Work in Crypto Trading?

Why Do Fibonacci Levels Work?

What is Fibonacci Retracement?

How to Read Fibonacci Pullback Levels?

Why Do Fibonacci Levels Create Traps for Traders?

How to Add Fibonacci to a Chart?

How to Improve Fibonacci Data?

Premium and Discount Zones – How to Know If the Price Is Favorable?

Advanced Fibonacci Strategies

Strategy 1 – Confluence of Mirror Levels (Swap Zones)

Strategy 2 – Confluence with Moving Average

Strategy 3 – Using RSI with Fibonacci

Strategy 4 – Imbalance (Fair Value Gap (FVG))

Strategy 5 – Confluence with Anchored VWAP

What Are the Entry Techniques?

Entry Trigger: Engulfing Candles

Risks and How to Reduce Them?

1. Which Market Environment to Choose?

2. Where to Place Stop-Loss?

3. Leverage and Position Size

4. Profit Taking and R:R

5. Risk Filtering and Trading Rules

Conclusions?

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Теория степенного закона BTC: Работает ли она и почему обещает BTC за $1 млн

How the Bitcoin Power Law Theory works

Bitcoin Power Law Calculator

Fair Price according to Power Law:

Point 1 of the theory - Interest

Point 2: Price and Users

Mining and Difficulty Adjustment Mechanism

Point 3: Inflow of Resources

Point 4: Compensation Mechanism

Point 5: Security Growth

Point 6: Technology Adoption Growth

Point 7: Interrelation of the 7 Laws

Criticism of the theory

Forecasts according to the model

Forecast of $13 million by 2045

Forecast for the end of 2026 (cycle bottom)

What about bubbles?

Historical verification of the theory's calculations

How to calculate Bitcoin's growth yourself?

Historical facts about growth

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Прогноз курса XLM Stellar до 2030 года. Что будет с криптовалютой? Стоит ли инвестировать?

XLM price forecast from 2025 to 2030

XLM Price Prediction 2025-2030: What Exchanges and Companies Are Saying

Opinion of Analysts and experts: XLM Stellar price forecast

XLM Cryptocurrency Forecast to 2030: ChatGPT's Opinion

XLM Cryptocurrency Price Prediction 2030: Deepseek's Opinion

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DefiLlama: Список всех протоколов и проектов для заработка - гайд

What is DefiLlama

Key Metrics TVL, Chains, and Protocols

TVL

Protocol Rankings

Categories

Chains ETH, SOL, BTC, Tron, etc.

Comparing Protocols and Chains

Yield Farming

Checking Protocol Security

Earning on DEX and Liquidity

Stablecoins as a Comfort Zone

Additional Tools

Airdrops

Treasuries

Categories

LlamaSwap

Crypto ETFs

Correlation Matrix

Raises

Bridges

Revenue

Risks, Vulnerabilities

Conclusions

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